1. Biological sources:

• The shark liver oil is extracted from the liver of various species of shark.
• It also known as shark oil.
• Specially three species named as Ginglimostoma cirratum, Carcharhinus longimanus , Carcharhinus falciformis.
• it is extracted from the livers of sharks which are deep water,cold and non-polluted water inhabitant.
• Sharks which are caught as by product of deep sea fishing,helps in extracting liver oil.

2. Chemical constituents:
• The chemical constituent of shark liver oil is alkylglycerol,commonly found in mother’s milk and in bone marrow.
• It also consist of pristine, squalene which is a natural organic compound, vitamin A ,E and D (Concentration varies from 15000-30000 international units per gm.).
• It also contains omega-3 fatty acids(eciosapentaenoic acid), triglycerides ,glycerol ethers and fatty alcohols.
• Shark liver oil also contain some metal content of copper, zinc and iron.
• Squalene is a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon.
• Vitamin A is an essential human nuitrients and found in alcohol form known as retinol and can also exist in aldehyde form known as retinal or as an acid called retinoic acid.

3. Chemical and physical properties:
• Shark liver oil has yellow to brown color.
• It has a strong flavor.
• It is insoluble in water.

4. Uses :
• It is used as a dietary supplement which helps to boost the immune system.
• It is used in healing wounds.
• Helps to treat cancer and lessen.
• It is used to treat xerophthalmia, an abnormal dryness of surface of conjunctiva because it contain omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A.
• It is used as moisturizing skin creams and lotions.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :
1. The biological source of shark liver oil
(a) From the livers of Sharks which are inhabitant of cold water
(b) From the liver of Sharks which are inhabitant of deep sea water
(c) From the liver of Sharks which are inhabitant of non polluted water
(d) All of the above

2. The species of sharks from shark oil is usually extracted
(a) Ginglimostoma cirratum
(b) Carcharhinus longimanus
(c) Carcharhinus falciformis
(d) All of the above

3. The chemical constituent of shark liver oil
(a) Alkylglycerol
(b) Phenol
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Both a and c

4. Squalene is a
(a) Natural organic compound
(b) Highly unsaturated hydrocarbon
(c) Chemical constituent of shark liver oil
(d) All of the above

5. Shark liver oil is consist of vitamins as chemical constituents
(a) Vitamin c
(b) Vitamin B12
(c) Vitamin E
(d) All of the above

6. Shark liver oil consist of metal content as chemical constituent
(a) Copper
(b) Zinc
(c) Iron
(d) All of the above

7. The color of shark liver oil
(a) Pink
(b) Colorless
(c) Yellow to brown
(d) Green

8. Shark liver oil helps to treat
(a) Kidney failure
(b) Heart disease
(c) Cancer
(d) Jaundice

9. Shark liver oil used as
(a) Moisturizer
(b) Healing wound
(c) Dietery supplements
(d) All of the above

10. Shark liver oil contains
(a) Fatty alcohols
(b) Omega -3 fatty acids
(c) Glycerol
(d) All of the above

ANSWERS:
1. All of the above
2. All of the above
3. Both a and c
4. All of the above
5. Vitamin E
6. All of the above
7. Yellow to brown
8. Cancer
9. All of the above
10. All of the above

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REFERENCE:
(1) Aidos, I., Jacobsen C, Luten, JB, van der padt A and Boom , R, 2002.Volatile oxidation product formed in crude herring oil under accelerated oxidative conditions. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 48 : 808 – 18
(2) Bigger , J. 2001, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular events : a fish tale,circulation, 103 : 623-625.

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