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]]>ETIOPATHOGENESIS :-
The causes of acute regal failure may be classified as pre – renal, intra – renal and post – renal in nature :
It is important that ARF originating in pre and post renal disease such as by renal ischemia or renal infection, eventually leads to intra renal disease. Thus, a full blown ARF reflects some degree of nephron damage.
SYMPTOMS :-
Some of the symptoms faced by a patient suffering from ARF are as follow :
Pathogenesis
TREATMENT :-
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-
1.] Production of abnormally small amount of urine is called ?
(a) Oliguria
(b) Anuria
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
2.] The condition in which kidney is failed to produce urine is called ?
(a) Diabetes
(b) Oliguria
(c) Anuria
(d) All of the above
3.] What does the renal dysfunction represents ?
(a) Oliguria and anuria
(b) Sudden increase in metabolic waste product
(c) Consequent development of uremia
(d) All of the above
4.] Acute renal failure is classified in how many types ?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
5.] ARF stands for ?
(a) Acute renal failure
(b) Abnormal renal failure
(c) Acute renal fracture
(d) None of the above
6.] 1. At what rate does the GFR typically decline in males after the age of 45 years?
(a) 0.1 ml/min/1.73 m 2
(b) 0.5 ml/min/1.73 m 2
(c) 0.8 ml/min/1.73 m 2
(d) 1.2 ml/min/1.73 m 2
7.] Which of the following does not form part of the glomerular filtration barrier?
(a) Endothelial cell fenestration
(b) Sub-endothelial space
(c) Glomerular basement membrane
(d) Podocyte foot process slit diaphragm
8.] Which of the following cell types does not perform a phagocytic function?
(a) Glomerular endothelial cell
(b) Mesangial cell
(c) Macrophages
(d) Podocyte
9.] Which of the following statements about angiotensin II is false?
(a) It causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
(b) It is increased in renal acidosis
(c) It increases aldosterone production
(d) It is reduced in people with diabetes
10.] What are the symptoms of ARF ?
(a) Shortness of breath
(b) Too much acid in blood and tissue
(c) Swelling
(d) All of the above
SOLUTIONS :-
1.] (a) Oliguria
2.] (c) Anuria
3.] (d)
4.] (b) 3
5.] (a) Acute renal failure
6.] (d) 1.2 ml/min/1.73 m 2
7.] (b) Sub-endothelial space
8.] (a) It causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
9.] (d) It is reduced in people with diabetes
10.] (d)
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REFERENCES :-
1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 641.
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