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]]>INTRODUCTION :-
1.] It is characterized by paroxysmal (a severe attack or a sudden increase in intensity of the disease) pain in the substernal or precordial region of the chest which is aggravated by an increase in the demand of the heart and relived by a chest decrease in the work of heart.
2.] Precordial chest discomfort variously described as constricting, squeezing, chocking or knife like.
3.] The transient period in angina pectoris is of 15 sec. – 15 min.
4.] The pain radiates to the left arm, neck, jaw or right arm.
5.] There are 3 overlapping clinical pattern of angina pectoris with some difference in their pathogenesis :-
SYMPTOMS :-
1.] Angina symptoms include chest pain and discomfort, possibly described as pressure, squeezing, burning or fullness.
2.] Other symptoms that may have angina are :-
CAUSES :-
1.] Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscles.
2.] When heart muscles were not getting enough oxygen, it causes a condition called ischemia.
3.] The most common cause of reduced blood flow to our heart muscles is coronary heart disease [CAD].
4.] During time of low oxygen demand – when you are resting, for example your heart muscles mays till be able to function on the reduced amount of blood flow untill without triggering angina symptoms.
5.] But when we increase the demand of oxygen such as when we exercise, angina can result.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STABLE OR TYPICAL ANGINA :-
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSTABLE OR CRESCENDO ANGINA :- [MEDICAL EMERGENCY]
CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIANT OR PRINZMETAL’S ANGINA :-
Pathophysiology
TREATMENT :-
If lifestyle changes alone don’t help your angina, you may need to take medications. These may include:
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [MCQs] :-
1.] What is angina pectoris ?
a. Pain below the chest
b. Low blood pressure
c. Chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
d. None of the above
2.] How many versions of angina pectoris are there ?
a. One
b. Two
c. Five
d. Three
3.] Which of these can cause angina ?
a. Old age
b. Tabacoo
c. Stress
d. All of the above
4.] Which of the following are used for the treatment of angina ?
a. Beta blockers
b. Nitrates
c. Statins
d. All of the above
5.] Which is the most common type of angina ?
a. Unstable angina
b. Coital angina
c. Stable angina
d. Micro vascular angina
6.] Myocardium is deprived of O2 causing chest pain ?
a. Angina pectoris
b. Incompetent valve
c. Valvular itinosis
d. Pericarditis
7.] Angina pectoris is a painful, squeezing sensation throughout the chest and around the heart ?
a. True
b. False
8.] Angina occurs what organ doesn’t get enough de – oxygenated blood ?
a. Liver
b. Brain
c. Heart
d. Lung
9.] What procedure is taken when a patient has angina pectoris ?
a. Angioplasty
b. Coronary artery bypass surgery
c. Stent
d. All of the above
10.] Is the condition of angina pectoris is life – threatening ?
a. True
b. False
SOLUTIONS :-
1.] (c) chest pain caused by coronary heart disease
2.] (b) two
3.] (d)
4.] (d)
5.] (c) stable angina
6.] (a) angina pectoris
7.] (a)
8.] (c) heart
9.] (d)
10.] (b)
List of Successful GPATINDIAN CANDIDATES
REFERENCES :-
1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 405 – 409.
2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 528.
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