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]]>A.] Chronic heart failure occurs either because of decreased myocardial capacity to contract or because of an inability to fill the cardiac chambers with blood.
B.] CHF is an end result of various forms of serious heart diseases.
ETIOLOGY :-
Heart failure may be caused by one of the following factors :-
SYMPTOMS :-
CAUSES :-
The most common cause of congestive hart failure is :-
Pathogenesis
TYPES OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE :-
1.] Left – sided CHF is the common type of CHF. In this condition filled can build up in lungs, which make breathing difficult.
2.] There are two kind of left – sided heart failure :-
3.] Right – sided CHF occurs when the right ventricle has difficulty pumping blood to your lungs. Blood backs up in your blood vessels, which causes fluid retention in your lower extremities, abdomen and other vital organ.
TREATMENT :-
1.] Common diuretic medication (water pills) include :-
2.] ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) inhibitors.
3.] Beta blockers.
4.] Digoxin (Lanoxin) that may help to increase cardiac output.
5.] A very mild never diuretic, spironolactone, have been shown to be of long -term benefit.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-
1.] What is heart failure ?
a. A condition in which the heart stop beating
b. A heart attack
c. A condition in which the heart cannot pump enough body’s need
d. A condition in which a patient experiences chest pain
2.] Which is not one of the three types of heart failure ?
a. Right sided heart failure
b. Left sided heart failure
c. Congestive heart failure
d. Myocardial heart failure
3.] What are the common sign and symptoms of heart failure ?
a. Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
b. Fatigue
c. Swelling
d. All of the above
4.] What are the risk factor of heart failure ?
a. Medical history of heart related disease
b. Weight
c. Age
d. All of the above
5.] How many adults in the U.S. have been diagnosed with heart failure ?
a. 1.3 million
b. 2.4 million
c. 6.5 million
d. 9.6 million
6.] A patient can have heart failure without being aware of it ?
a. True
b. False
7.] Congestive heart failure and heart failure are the same ?
a. True
b. False
8.] What does the ECG show in prizmetals angina ?
a. ST segment elevation
b. ST segment depression
c. Absent P waves
d. Prolonged PR interval
9.] What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure ?
a. Left side heart failure
b. Chronic lung disease
c. Hypothyroidism
d. None of the these
10.] Which is the most common cause of heart failure ?
a. Ischemic heart failure
b. Hypertension
c. Sarcoidosis
d. Aortic stenosis
SOLUTIONS :-
1.] (c) A condition in which the heart cannot pump enough body’s need
2.] (d) Myocardial heart failure
3.] (d)
4.] (d)
5.] (c) 6.5 million
6.] (a)
7.] (b)
8.] (a) ST segment elevation
9.] (a) Left side heart failure
10.] (b) Hypertension
List of Successful GPATINDIAN CANDIDATES
REFERENCES :-
1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 399 – 402.
2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 520 – 523.
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