Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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1.] Hyperthyroidism is also called thyrotoxicosis.

2.] This condition is more common and frequent in females than men.

3.] This disease is associated with the rise of T3 and T4 level in blood.

4.] In case of hyperthyroidism usually the level of T3 is greater then T4.

ETIOPATHOGENESIS :-

• Usually hyperthyroidism can be caused by many diseases.
• Three main  diseases which causes hyperthyroidism are – Grave’s disease, Toxic multinodular goiter and a Toxic adenoma.
• Less frequent causes of hypothyroidism are – hypersecretion of pituitary TSH [Thyroid Stimulating Hormone] by a pituitary tumor, hypersecretion of TRH thyroiditis, metastatic tumors of the thyroid, congenital hyperthyroidism in newborn of mother etc.

SYMPTOMS :-

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are as follows :

• Patient suffer from excess sweating
• Women suffer from irregular mensuration due to change in hormonal balance
• Due to excessive high metabolism there will be an excessive hunger
• Abnormal heart rhythm
• Due to very high metabolism or fast metabolism there will be weight loss
• Diarrhea
• Hair loss
• Muscle weakness
• Mood swings or panic attacks

CLINICAL FEATURES :-

• Patients with hyperthyroidism have a very slow and insidious beginning, depending upon the severity of the cases.
• Cardiac manifestation in the form of tachycardia, palpitation and cardiomegaly are seen in hyperthyroidism.
• Serum level of T3 and T4 are elevated but TSH secretion is usually inhibited.
• A sudden spurt in the severity of hyperthyroidism termed ‘Thyroid Strom’ or thyroid crisis may occur in patients.
• The patients suffering from thyroid crisis may suffer from high grade fever, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia and coma and may die of congestive heart failure or hyperpyrexia.

TREATMENT :

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only from intechopen.com}

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] Which of the following term describes hyperthyroidism following intake of iodine in patients suffering from endemic goiter ?

a. Wolff – chaikoff effect

b. Jod – Basedow’s effect

c. Grave’s disease

d. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2.] Too much release of thyroid hormone in the body causes ?

a. Hypothyroidism

b. Hyperthyroidism

c. Goiter

d. None of the above

3.] What are the symptoms of too much release of T3 and T4 hormones ?

a. Anxiety

b. Nervousness

c. Hair loss

d. All of the above

4.] Which gland mainly controls and regulates the acute thyroid activity ?

a. Pituitary gland

b. Hypothalamus

c. Both (a) and (b)

d. Only (a)

5.] Name the condition marked by a low TSH ?

a. Hypothyroidism

b. Hyperthyroidism

c. Goiter

d. Thyroid cancer

6.] Thyroid disorders are often mistaken for the condition ?

a. Pregnancy

b. Menopause

c. Crohn’s disease

d. None of these

7.] The thyroid produces hormone regulating what bodily function ?

a. Temperature

b. B.P.

c. Digestion

d. Metabolism

8.] Rapid heart rate, weight loss, heat sensitivity are most likely the symptoms of ?

a. Thyroid cancer

b. Hypothyroidism

c. Hyperthyroidism

d. All of the above

9.] This type of epithelium is found in thyroid follicles ?

a. Columnar

b. Squamous

c. Cuboidal

d. Transitional

10.] Rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, very high body temperature are the symptoms of ?

a. Thyroid crisis

b. Thyroid strom

c. Thyroid failure

d. Thyroid death

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (b) Jod – Basedow’s effect

2.] (b) Hyperthyroidism

3.] (d)

4.] (c)

5.] (b) Hyperthyroidism

6.] (b) Menopause

7.] (d) Metabolism

8.] (c) Hyperthyroidism

9.] (c) Cuboidal

10.] (b) Thyroid strom

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 793.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 1122 – 1124.

The post Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.