Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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1.] There are two distinguished morphologic forms of goiter :

• Diffuse goiter (simple non – toxic or colloid goiter).
• Nodular goiter (multinodular goiter or adenomatous goiter).

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only from bcm.edu}

PATHOGENESIS :-

In the pathogenesis of both the forms of goiter is generally regarded as the end – stage of long – standing simple goiter. The fundamental defect in the production of thyroid hormone due to many etiologic factor, but most commonly is the dietary lack of iodine. Deficient thyroid hormone production causes excessive TSH stimulation which will lead to hyperplasia. Cyclical hyperplastic stage followed by involution stage completes the picture of simple goiter. Repeated and prolonged changes of hyperplasia result in continued growth of thyroid tissue while the involuted areas undergoes fibrosis, thus completing the picture of nodular goiter.

SYMPTOMS :-

The signs and symptoms of goiter include following :

• Swelling at the base of neck
• Harsh, raspy or strained voice (Hoarseness)
• Breathing difficulty
• Difficulty in swallowing of food due to swelling in the neck
• Coughing

TREATMENT :-

• In case of hyperthyroidism levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint) can be used to decrease the size of goiter.
• In case if we have inflammation, aspirin or corticosteroids are used to decrease the inflammation caused due to the goiter.
• Radioactive Iodine is also used in case if you have overactive thyroid gland, as it also helps to reduce the goiter or helps to decrease the size of the goiter.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] Plunging goiter is ?

a. Solitary nodule

b. Colloid goiter

c. Retro – sternal goiter

d. Medullary Ca

2.] Name a disease cause by the deficiency of iodine ?

a. Thyroid cancer

b. Solitary thyroid nodule

c. Goiter

d. Thyroiditis

3.] Exopthalmic goiter is due to ?

a. Hyposecretion of thyrocalcitonin

b. Hyposecretion of thyroxine

c. Hypersecretion of thyrocalcitonin

d. Hypersecretion of thyroxine

4.] An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland is called goiter ?

a. True

b. False

5.] Which of the following is the main cause of goiter ?

a. Hypothyroidism

b. Hyperthyroidism

c. Cancer of thyroid gland

d. All of the above

6.] Which of the following statement is incorrect about thyroid hormone ?

a. Regulates BMR

b. Maintain water and electrolyte balance

c. Supports erythropoesis

d. Control blood phosphate level

7.] Which of the following disease is not related to thyroid gland ?

a. Myxoedema

b. Cretinism

c. Acromegaly

d. Goiter

8.] Endemic goiter is a state of ?

a. Increased thyroid function

b. Decreased thyroid function

c. Moderate thyroid function

d. Normal thyroid function

9.] Enlargement of thyroid is called ?

a. Diabetes

b. Goiter

c. Cretinism

d. Myxoedema

10.] A person with the enlarged thyroid gland protruded eyeball, increased BMR and weight loss is suffering from ?

a. Grave’s disease

b. Exopthalmic goiter

c. Both (a) and (b)

d. Addison disease

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (c) Retro – sternal goiter

2.] (c) Goiter

3.] (c) Hypersecretion of thyrocalcitonin

4.] (a)

5.] (d)

6.] (b) Maintain water and electrolyte balance

7.] (c) Acromegaly

8.] (b) Decreased thyroid function

9.] (b) Goiter

10.] (c)

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 797 – 800.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 1131 – 1133.

The post Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.