Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium falciparum (malignant malaria)
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malarial

PATHOGENESIS AND LIFE CYCLE :

Malaria sporozites are released into the blood with the bite of an infected mosquito and within a minute it attach to and invade the liver cell. Now, these parasites reproduces asexually in liver cells, burst the cell and release into the blood this cycle occur in human host. Now parasite reproduces asexually in red blood cell and causing cycles of fever and other symptoms. Released parasite infect new red blood cell. In, sexual stage (gametocytes) develop in red blood cells. Female mosquito take up the gametocyte with the blood meal. Now, the fertilization and development take place in the mosquito’s gut. Mature infective stage (sporozites) escape from gut and migrate to the mosquito salivary gland. When the mosquito bites another human, sporozites are injected with bite.

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only from niaid.nih.gov}

SYMPTOMS :

Following are the symptoms of malaria :

• Headache, nausea and vomiting
• Very high fever and severe chill
• Abdominal pain
• Severe sweating
• Anemia and muscle pain
• Diarrhea with bloody stools

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only from verywellhealth.com}

ANTIMALARIA DRUGS CLASSIFICATION

TREATMENT :

Following are the malarial drugs administrated to the infected person :

• Chloroquine (300 mg base orally once a week)
• Hydroxychloroquine (310 mg base orally once a week)
• Mefloquine (228 mg base orally once a week)
• Doxycycline (100 mg orally daily)

ANTI MALERIAL DRUGS MECHANISM OF ACTION

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] Mosquito responsible for malaria transmission ?

a. Aedes aegypti

b. Aedes albopictus

c. Anopheles

d. Haemagogus

2.] How many people are at risk of malaria in world ?

a. 1.2 million

b. 1.2 billion

c. 3.2 billion

d. 3.2 million

3.] Malaria can be lethal ?

a. True

b. False

4.] There is a vaccine against malaria ?

a. True

b. False

5.] The infectious agent that causes malaria is known as which of the following ?

a. Protozoan parasite

b. Bacterial parasite

c. Viral parasite

d. Fungal parasite

6.] Which of the following are not antimalarial compound ?

a. Quinine

b. Artimisinin

c. Chloroquine

d. Mefloquine

e. Penicillin

7.] Which of the following statement is correct ?

a. Malaria is neglected tropical disease

b. If you get malaria once, you won’t get it again

c. Malaria is quit often endemic in poorer region of the world

d. All of the above

8.] Black water fever is special manifestation of malaria caused by ?

a. P. falciparum

b. P. malarial

c. P. ovale

d. P. vivax

9.] Malaria is spread by ?

a. Inhaling bad air

b. Drinking unclear water

c. Eating roadside food

d. Bite of a mosquito

10.] Symptoms of malaria are ?

a. Fever

b. Chill

c. Sweating

d. All of the above

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (c) Anopheles

2.] (c) 3.2 billion

3.] (a)

4.] (b)

5.] (a) Protozoan parasite

6.] (e) Penicillin

7.] (c) Malaria is quite often endemic in poorer region of the world

8.] (a) P. falciparum

9.] (d) Bite of a mosquito

10.] (d)

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 179 – 180.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 362 – 363.

The post Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.