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]]>Manufacture of pharmaceutical aerosols:
PRESSURE FILLING APPARATUS – It consists of a pressure burette capable of metering small volumes of liquefied gas into the aerosol container under pressure. Propellant is added through an inlet valve located at the bottom or top of the pressure burette. The propellant is allowed to flow with its own vapor pressure in the container through aerosol valve. The trapped air escapes out from the upper valve. The propellant stops flowing when the pressure of burette and container becomes equal. If further propellant is to be added, a hose (rubber pipe) leading to a cylinder of nitrogen is attached to the upper valve, the pressure exerted by nitrogen helps in the flow of the propellant into the container. Another pressure filling device makes use of piston arrangement and is capable of maintaining positive pressure . This type of device cannot be used for filling inhalation aerosols which have metered valves.
PROCEDURE:
ADVANTAGES OF PRESSURE FILLING:
DISADVANTAGES OF PRESSURE FILLING:
Figure 1 – Pressure filling equipment
COLD FILLING APPARATUS – It consist of an insulated box fitted with copper tubings and the tubings are coiled to increase the area exposed to cooling. The insulated box should be filled with dry ice or acetone prior to use. The apparatus can be operated with or without metered valves. Hydrocarbon propellant cannot be filled into aerosol containers using this apparatus because large amount of propellant escapes out and vaporizes. This may lead to formation of an explosive mixture . Fluorocarbon vapors do not form any explosive or flammable mixture though their vapors are heavier than air.
PROCEDURE:
Advantages:
Disadvantages :
Figure 2 – Cold Filling Apparatus
COMPRESSED GAS FILLING APPARATUS – Compressed gases have high pressure hence a pressure reducing valve is required. The apparatus consists of delivery gauge. A flexible hose pipe which can withstand 150 pounds per square inch gauge pressure is attached to the delivery gauge along with the filling head. A flow indicator is also present in specialized equipments.
PROCEDURE :
Multiple choice questions:
1.____ methods have been used to package aerosol products.
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
2.Depending on the nature of the product concentrate, the aerosol can be filled by
a)cold-filling
b)pressure-filling
c)both of these
d)none of these
3.Manufacture of pharmaceutical aerosols can be done by
a)Pressure filling apparatus
b)Cold filling apparatus
c)Compressed gas filling apparatus
d)All of these
4.It consists of a pressure burette capable of metering small volumes of liquefied gas into the aerosol container under pressure. Identify
a)Pressure filling apparatus
b)Cold filling apparatus
c)Compressed gas filling apparatus
d)All of these
5.In Pressure filling apparatus the trapped air escapes out from
a)upper valve
b)lower valve
c)middle valve
d)all of these
6.In Pressure filling apparatus the propellant stops flowing when the pressure of burette and container becomes
a)equal
b)0
c)1
d)none of these
7.In Pressure filling apparatus the pressure exerted by ____ helps in the flow of the propellant into the container
a)Hydrogen
b)Argon
c)CFC
d)Nitrogen
8.Which of the following is not a disadvantage of pressure filling apparatus?
a)Certain types of metering valves can be handled only by the cold filling process or through use of an under the cap filler and valve crimper
b)Process is slower than Cold filling method
c)Loss of propellant is less
d)None of these
9..Which of the following is/are advantages of pressure filling apparatus?
a)Solutions, emulsions, suspensions can be filled by this method as chilling does not occur
b)Contamination due to moisture is less
c)High production speed can be achieved
d)All of these
10.It consist of an insulated box fitted with copper tubings and the tubings are coiled to increase the area exposed to cooling. Identify
a)Pressure filling apparatus
b)Cold filling apparatus
c)Compressed gas filling apparatus
d)All of these
11.Before use the insulated box in cold filling apparatus should be filled with
a) dry ice
b)acetone
c)ethanol
d)a and b
12.Hydrocarbon propellant cannot be filled into aerosol containers using cold filling apparatus because large amount of propellant escapes out and vaporizes. This may lead to formation of an explosive mixture.
a)true
b)false
13.Advantage of cold filling apparatus is
a)Solutions, emulsions, suspensions can be filled by this method as chilling does not occur
b)Contamination due to moisture is less
c)High production speed can be achieved
d)Easy process
14.This apparatus consists of delivery gauge. identify
a)Pressure filling apparatus
b)Cold filling apparatus
c)Compressed gas filling apparatus
d)All of these
15.Which gas can be is used if more amount of gas is required in Compressed gas filling apparatus?
a)Carbon dioxide
b)Nitrous oxide
c)Nitrogen
d)a and b
Solutions:
References:
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The post Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Manufacturing and packaging methods and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.
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