Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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PATHOGENESIS :-

Basically, there are four possible sources of excess cortisol. The most obvious and most common is prolonged administration of the glucocorticoids for therapeutic reasons, such as immunosupperession following transplantation. The other three spontaneous sources of the hypercortisolism can be categorized as Cushing’s syndrome :

• Pituitary secretion of ACTH.
• Ectopic production of ACTH or CRH by a non – endocrine neoplasm.
• Hypersecretion of cortisol by an adrenal adenoma, carcinoma, or nodular hyperplasia – ACTH independent.

CAUSES :-

Your body may produce high level of cortisol for a variety of reasons, including :

• High stress level, including stress related to an acute illness, surgery, injury, or pregnancy especially in the final trimester.
• Athletic training.
• Malnutrition.
• Alcoholism
• Depression, panic disorder, or high level of emotional stress.

SYMPTOMS :-

The most common symptom of this condition are :

• Weight gain
• Fatty deposit, especially in the midsection, the face, and between the shoulders and the upper back
• Purple stretch marks on the breasts, arms, abdomen, and thighs
• Thinning skin that bruises easily
• Acne
• Fatigue
• muscle weakness

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only from sterotx.com}

TREATMENT :-

The overall purpose of Cushing’s syndrome treatment is to lower the level of cortisol in your body. Medications which block the effect of cortisol on your tissues are as follows :

• ketoconazole (Nizoral)
• mitotane (Lysodren)
• metyrapone (Metopirone)
• pasireotide (Signifor)
• mifepristone (Korlym, Mifeprex)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] In Cushing’s syndrome the tumor is associated with ?

a. Increased level of epinephrine

b. Decreased level of epinephrine

c. Elevated level of cortisol

d. Increased level of non epinephrine

2.] Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome is ?

a. Exogenous corticosteroids

b. Pituitary tumor

c. Adrenal adenoma

d. Adrenal carcinoma

3.] Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome is ?

a. Pituitary adenoma

b. Adrenal adenoma

c. Exogenous steroids

d. Ectopic ACTH

4.] Pseudo – cushing syndrome is seen in ?

a. Chronic alcoholism

b. Adrenal carcinoma

c. Incidentaloma

d. Nelson syndrome

5.] True about Cushing’s syndrome is ?

a. Associated with MEN 1 syndrome

b. Bronchial carcinoid causes Cushing’s syndrome

d. Hypokalemia

d. Associated with coronary accidents

6.] Cushing’s syndrome is commonly caused by ?

a. Adrenal adenoma

b. Adrenal hyperplasia

c. Ectopic adrenal hormone production

d. Adrenal carcinoma

7.] Not seen in Cushing’s syndrome ?

a. Hypoglucemia

b. Hypertension

c. Frank psychosis

d. Hypokalemia

8.] In Cushing’s syndrome which of the following feature is most common ?

a. Hypertension

b. Purple skin striae

c. Thin skin

d. Truncal obesity

9.] Primary cause of death in Cushing’s syndrome ?

a. Cardiovascular disease

b. Infection

c. Suicide

d. Renal failure

10.] Drugs useful in the treatment of Cushing’s disease include ?

a. Aminoglutehimide

b. Cyproheptadine

c. Etomidate

d. All of the above

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (c) Elevated level of cortisol

2.] (a) Exogenous corticosteroids

3.] (c) Exogenous steroids

4.] (a) Chronic alcoholism

5.] (a) Associated with MEN 1 syndrome

6.] (c) Ectopic adrenal hormone production

7.] (a) Hypogucemia

8.] (c) Thin skin

9.] (a) Cardiovascular disease

10.] (d)

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 788 – 789.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 1150 – 1153.

The post Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.