Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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1.] This syndrome is also called Primary hyperaldosteronism.

2.] This syndrome is more common in females than males.

3.] This syndrome is more common in people having age between 30s and 40s.

ETIOPATHOGENESIS :-

The condition primarily results due to adrenocortical disease as follows :

• Adrenocortical adenoma, producing aldosterone.
• Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, especially in children (congenital hyperaldosteronism).
• Rarely, adrenal carcinoma.
• Primary hyperaldosteronism : In primary hyperaldosteronism from any of the above causes is associated with low plasma renin levels.
• Secondary hyperaldosteronism : On contrary to primary hyperaldosteronism, in secondary hyperaldosteronism occur in response to high plasma renin level due to the overproduction of renin by the kidneys such as renal ischemia reninoma or oedema.

SYMPTOMS :-

Following are the symptoms of Conn’s syndrome :

• Muscle strength decreases.
• Discharge of water or gases (voiding).
• Sometimes headache also happen.
• Increased thirst.
• Eyesight become weak.
• Patient suffering from Conn’s syndrome may also have paralytic attack that may come and go.
• Jerking and cramping in the muscles.

^{The above image is taken for education purpose only, from printerest.com}

CLINICAL FEATURES :-

The principal features of conn’s syndrome are as follows :

• Hypertension, usually mild to moderate diastolic hypertension.
• Hypokalemia and associated muscular weakness, peripheral neuropathy and cardiac arrhythmia.
• Retention of sodium and water.
• Polyuria and polydipsia due to reduced concentrating power of the renal tubules.

TREATMENT :-

• In case if tumor arises in primary hyperaldosteroinism it can be removes laproscopically .
• In bilateral hyperplasia patient suffer from voiding i.e; discharge of water or fluids or gases from the body which will lead to dehydration so in order to maintain the water buildup in the body diuretics are used.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] In Conn’s syndrome, all the following are seen except ?

a. Hypokalemia

b. Hypernatremia

c. Hypertension

d. Edema

2.] Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by ?

a. Peripheral oedema

b. Metabolic acidosis

c. Decrease in Na content of sweat

d. None of the above

3.] Conn’s syndrome also known as ?

a. Hypoaldosteronism

b. Hyperaldosteronism

c. Hypertension

d. None of the above

4.] Life saving hormone is secreted by ?

a. Adrenal

b. Thymus

c. Thyroid

d. Pancreas

5.] Conn’s syndrome is caused due to ?

a. Hypersecretion

b. Hyposecretion

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

6.] Corticosteroids are secreted by ?

a. Adrenal gland

b. Pineal gland

c. Pituitary gland

d. Thyroid gland

7.] Blood pressure is controlled by ?

a. Thyroid gland

b. Thymus gland

c. Adrenal gland

d. Parathyroid gland

8.] Which gland is concerned with salt equilibrium in body ?

a. Anterior pituitary

b. Pancreas

c. Adrenal

d. Thyroid

9.] Epinephrine and non – epinephrine together known as ?

a. Steroids

b. protein

c. Catecholamine

d. None

10.] Non – epinephrine leads to increase in ?

a. Blood pressure

b. Urine production

c. Cellular respiration

d. Release of epinephrine

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (b) Hypernatremia

2.] (c) Decrease in Na content of sweat

3.] (b) Hyperaldosteronism

4.] (a) Adrenal

5.] (a) Hypersecretion

6.] (a) Adrenal gland

7.] (c) Adrenal gland

8.] (c) Adrenal

9.] (c) Catecholamine

10.] (a) Blood pressure

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 788.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 1153 – 1154.

The post Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.