Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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INTRODUCTION :-

1.] Acute myocardial infarction may virtually occur in all ages, though the incidence is higher in elderly.

2.] Males throughout their life are at greater risk of developing acute MI as compared to females, probably because of the protective influence of oestrogen.

CAUSES OF MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION :-

Some of the most important blood vessels towards the heart are the arteries. They take oxygen rich blood to your body and all of your organs. The coronary arteries take oxygen rich blood specifically to your heart muscles. When these arteries become blocked or narrowed due to the buildup of plaque the blood flows through your heart can decrease significantly or stop completely. This can cause a heart attack. Several factors that may lead to blockage in the coronary arteries like bad cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats.

SYMPTOMS :-

While the classic symptoms of a heart attack are the chest pain, and shortness of breath, the symptoms can be quiet varied. The most common symptom of heart attack includes :-

• Pressure or tightness in the chest.
• Pain in the chest, back, jaw, and other areas of the upper body that lasts more then in few minutes or that goes away and then come back.
• Shortness of breath.
• Sweating.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• A cough.
• Dizziness.
• Fast heart rate.

DIAGNOSIS :-

An electrocardiogram may be done to measure your heart electrical activity. Most important characteristics in ECG change is ST segment elevation which is acute in MI (termed as STEMI); other changes include T wave inversion and appearance of wide deep Q wave. Other diagnostic test includes a stress level test to see how your heart respond to certain situations, such as exercise, an angiogram with coronary categorization to look for areas of blockage in your arteries and an echo cardiogram to help identify areas of your heart that aren’t working properly.

Myocardial Infraction Pathogenesis

TREATMENT :-

A number of different medications can also be used to treat a heart attack :

• Blood thinners, such as aspirin are often use to break up the blood clots.
• Thrombolytics are often used to dissolve clots.
• Antiplatelet drugs such as clopidogerl.
• Nitroglycerin can be used to widen your blood vessels.
• Beta – blockers to lower your blood pressure.
• ACE inhibitors and pain relievers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [MCQs] :-

1.] What is myocardial infarction ?

a. Heart failure

b. Heart attack

c. Cardiac arrest

d. All of the above

2.] Sudden cardiac arrest means that the heart has ?

a. Stop beating

b. Beats dangerously slow

c. Has a cycle of beating and stopping

d. Skip beats

3.] Symptoms of heart attack can include ?

a. Dizziness, weakness, arm pain, pressure in chest

b. Heart palpitation

c. No symptoms at all

d. All of the above

4.] Heart disease is the leading cause of death of American women ?

a. True

b. False

5.] Risks of heart disease include ?

a. High blood pressure and cholesterol

b. Smoking

c. Lack of exercise

d. All of the above

6.] In the heart, a clogged artery causes a heart attack. In the brain it causes a ?

a. Migraine

b. Mental illness

c. Stroke

d. Seizure

7.] When heart trouble is sensed, who waits at least two hours before help is called ?

a. Men

b. Women

c. Both Men and women

d. Children

8.] The term “heart failure” means the heart has stopped working completely ?

a. True

b. False

9.] The most common type of heart disease in U.S. is ?

a. Coronary heart disease

b. Atrial fibrillation

c. Mitral valve prolapse

d. Arrhythmia

10.] The medical term of chest pain is ?

a. Angina

b. There is no medical term of Chest pain

c. Flutter

d. Arrhythmia

SOLUTION :-

1.] (b) heart attack

2.] (a) stops beating

3.] (d)

4.] (a)

5.] (d)

6.] (c) stroke

7.] (c) both men and women

8.] (b)

9.] (a) coronary heart disease

10.] (a) angina

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 409 – 415.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 528 – 540.

The post Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.