Here you can find free study material related to Pathophysiology.

1. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
2. Angina Pectoris : Symptoms, Causes, Characteristics, Treatment and MCQs for GPAT,NEET, CSIR NET JRF
3. Arteriosclerosis: Definition, Senile arteriosclerosis, Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Types of Hypertensive arteriosclerosis, Mönckeberg’s arteriosclerosis And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
4. Atherosclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical effect And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
5. Acute renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
6. Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
7. Congestive Heart Failure : Etiology, Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
8. Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
9. Conn’s Syndrome : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
10. Goiter : Definition, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
11. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
12. Hyperparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
13. Hypoparathyroidism : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
14. Cushing’s Syndrome : Definition, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
15. Ischemic Heart Failure : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
16. Myocardial Infarction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
17. Thyroid Cancer : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Types, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
18. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
19. Malaria : Causative Agent, Pathogenesis and Life Cycle, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
20. Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
21. Cholera : Causative Agent, Structure, Pathogenesis, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
22. Myxoedema : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
23. Cretinism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Clinical Features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
24. Hypothyroidism : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
25. Grave’s Disease : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
26. Chronic Bronchitis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
27. Emphysema : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
28. Bronchial Asthma : Definition, Types, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
29. Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF
30. Diabetes Mellitus : Definition, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Major problem in CRF is of acidosis with the development of biochemical azotaemia and clinical uremia syndrome.”

ETIOPATHOGENESIS :-

1.] All the chronic nephropathies can lead to CRF.

2.] The types of disease leading to CRF can generally be classified into two major groups :

(A) DISEASE CAUSING GLOMERULAR PATHOLOGY :

• Glomerular filtration is being changed due to glomerular destruction and leads to the development of nephrotic syndrome.
• Primary glomerular pathology the major cause of CRF is chronic glomerulonephritis, usually initiated by various glomerulonephritis.
• Systemic glomerular pathology, certain conditions originate outside the renal system but induce change in the nephron secondarily.

(B) DISEASE CAUSING TUBULOINTERSTITIAL PATHOLOGY :

• Damage to tubulointerstitial tissue result in alteration in reabsorption and secretion of important constituent leading to  secretion of large volume of dilute urine.
• Tubulointerstitial disease can be categorized according to initiating etiology into four groups : Vascular causes, Infectious causes, Toxic causes and Obstructive causes.

SYMPTOMS :-

Symptoms of chronic renal failure are as follow :

• Fatigue.
• High blood pressure.
• Loss of appetite.
• Kidney damage.
• Abnormal heart rhythm.
• Malaise.
• Water – electrolyte imbalance.
• Fluid in the lungs.
• Kidney failure.
• Swelling.

Pathogenesis

This figure is take from Mac Master Pathophysiology for education purpose only

TREATMENT :-

• Certain medications are given to the patients suffering from CRF like vitamins, calcium reducer, bone marrow stimulant, diuretics and the dietary supplements.
• Certain medical procedures like peritoneal dialysis, hemofilteration and dialysis were also given to the patients.
• In some condition kidney transplant can also be considered as an option.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION :-

1.] The only purpose of the kidney is to filter blood ?

a. True

b. False

2.] Medically speaking, which term refers to the kidney function ?

a. Hepatic

b. Renal

c. Dialysis

d. Urinary

3.] Common non – specific symptom of chronic kidney disease include ?

a. Increased urination at night

b. Loss of appetite

c. Swelling of hands and feet

d. All of the above

4.] A person can have chronic kidney disease without symptoms ?

a. True

b. False

5.] Which kidney disease is known to be inherited ?

a. End – stage renal disease

b. Protein disease

c. Autoimmune kidney disease

d. Polycystic kidney disease

6.] A doctor who specializes in kidney disease is called a ?

a. Urologist

b. Endocrinologist

c. Nephrologist

d. Immunologist

7.] There are how many stages of kidney disease ?

a. 3

b. 5

c. 6

d. 7

8.] People on dialysis should maintain diet high in ?

a. Protein

b. Fiber

c. Iron

d. Vitamin

9.] Patients with kidney disease must manage fluid intake because fluid is ?

a. Retention can cause swelling and weight gain

b. Affects blood pressure

c. Overload can result in heart trouble

d. All of the above

10.] Which of the following is the leading cause of kidney failure ?

a. Diabetes

b. Infection

c. Injury

d. Smoking

SOLUTION :-

1.] (b)

2.] (b) Renal

3.] (d)

4.] (a)

5.] (d) Polycystic kidney disease

6.] (c) Nephrologist

7.] (b) 5

8.] (a) Protein

9.] (d)

10.] (a) Diabetes

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 641 – 643.

The post Chronic renal failure : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.