The post Suppositories: Suppository bases and Question Answer for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.
]]>One of the first requisites for a suppository base is that it should remain solid at room temperature but soften, melt, or dissolve readily at body temperature so that the drug is fully available soon after insertion.
Nature of the base:
Ideal properties of bases:
Classification of bases:
1.Fatty or Oily Bases or Oleaginous bases: Fatty bases are perhaps the most frequently employed suppository bases, principally because cocoa butter is a member of this group of substances.
Examples – Cocoa butter or Theobroma Oil, Emulsified cocoa butter, Hydrogenated oils
Cocoa butter or Theobroma Oil – Cocoa butter is fat obtained from the roasted seed of Theobroma cocoa. At room temperature it is a yellowish, white solid having a faint, agreeable chocolate like odour. Chemically, it is a triglyceride (combination of glycerin and one or different fatty acids) primarily of oleopalmitostearin and oleodistearine. It melts at 30 – 350C.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Emulsified cocoa butter – Emulsified theobroma oil may be used as a base when large quantities of aqueous solutions are to be incorporated. 5% glyceryl monostearate, 10% lanette wax, 2-3% cetyl alcohol & 4% bees wax is recommended for emulsified theobroma oil.
Hydrogenated oils – Hydrogenated oils are used as a substitute of theobroma oil. E.g. Hydrogenated edible oil, coconut oil, hydrogenated pea oil, stearic acids, palm kernel oil etc.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
2.Water Soluble & Water miscible bases Or Hydrophilic bases: The main members of this group are glycerinated gelatin and polyethylene glycols.
Examples – Glycero-gelatin base, Polyethylene glycol
Glycero-gelatin base – It is a mixture of glycerin and water which is made stiff by the addition of gelatin. Properties: It is colourless, transparent, translucent in nature. It is soft to touch. It melts at 30 – 350C. Used for vaginal suppositories.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Polyethylene glycol/Macrogols – These are commonly known as carbowaxes & Polyglycols. These are available in solid, liquid or semi- solid state depending on molecular weight. Those polymers having the molecular weight betw. 200 to 1000 are liquids & those having M.W higher than 1000 are wax like solids. They are chemically stable & physiologically inert substances & do not allow the bacterial or mold growth to take place.
Advantages:
3.Emulsifying/Synthetic bases:
Examples – Witepsol , Massa estarinum
Witepsol – They consist of triglycerides of saturated vegetable fatty acid with varying percentage of partial esters. A small amount of beeswax is added for use in hot climate. It should not be cooled rapidly as it become brittle and fracture. Lubrication is required.
Massa estarinum – It is a mixture of mono, di and triglycerides of saturated fatty acids. It is a white, brittle, almost odourless and tasteless solid. It has a m.p. 33.5 to 35.50C. They are available in various grades but grade B is commonly used in dispensing.
Advantages of Emulsifying/Synthetic bases:
Disadvantages of Emulsifying/Synthetic bases:
Multiple choice questions:
1.Suppository base is that it should remain ____ at room temperature.
a)solid
b)liquid
c)gaseous
d)semi solid
2..Suppository base should _____ at body temperature.
a)soften
b)melt
c)dissolve
d)all of these
3.The base must be capable of _____ to release its drug for absorption.
a)softening
b)melting
c)dissolving
d)all of these
4.If the base interacts with the drug to inhibit its release, drug absorption will be impaired or even prevented.
a)true
b)false
5.Slow-release suppositories contain
a)alginic acid
b)acetic acid
c)citric acid
d)all of these
6.Which of the following is not an ideal property of bases?
a)It must retain the shape and size
b)It should shrink sufficiently to remove from mould
c)It should be compatible with variety of drugs
d)It should soften or harden on storage
7.Suppository bases are classified as
a)Fatty or Oily Bases or Oleaginous bases
b)Water Soluble & Water miscible bases Or Hydrophilic bases
c)Emulsifying/Synthetic bases
d)All of these
8.Which of the following is/are Oleaginous bases?
a)Theobroma Oil
b)Glycero-gelatin base
c)Massa estarinum
d)All of these
9.Cocoa butter is fat obtained from
a)stem of Theobroma cocoa
b)roasted seed of Theobroma cocoa
c)roasted leaves of Theobroma cocoa
d)all of these
10.Cocoa butter melts at
a)20 – 25 degrees
b)30 – 35 degrees
c)above 40 degrees
d)below 20 degrees
11.Disadvantages of Cocoa butter is/are
a)Rancidity
b)Stick to mould
c)Costly
d)All of these
12.Which of the following are Hydrogenated oils?
a)coconut oil
b)stearic acids
c)palm kernel oil
d)all of these
13.Polyethylene glycol is which type of suppository base?
a)Fatty or Oily Bases or Oleaginous bases
b)Water Soluble & Water miscible bases Or Hydrophilic bases
c)Emulsifying/Synthetic bases
d)All of these
14.Polyethylene glycol is also known as
a)Witepsol
b)Massa estarinum
c)Macrogol
d)All of these
15.Witepsol is classified as which type of suppository base?
a)Fatty or Oily Bases or Oleaginous bases
b)Water Soluble & Water miscible bases Or Hydrophilic bases
c)Emulsifying/Synthetic bases
d)All of these
Solutions:
References:
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The post Suppositories: Suppository bases and Question Answer for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.
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