THIOBARBITAL Synthesis, SAR, MCQ,Structure,Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Uses

huzefakifayet — Mon, 04 May 2020 15:32:47 +0000

Thiobarbital

IUPAC nomenclature

5,5-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione

Classification

Thiobarbital is a barbiturate sedative-hypnotic.

Physiochemical Properties

S. NO.	PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1	Molecular weight	200.26 g/mol
2	Physical appearance	Solid
3	Melting point	180°C
4	Octanol/water partition coefficient	LogP = 1.5
5	Presence of ring	Pyrimidine
6	Number of chiral centers	Not present

Mechanism of Action

i. Drug binds with different binding sites associated with chloride ionopore at the GABA_A

ii. This results in increase in the duration of time for the opening of the chloride ionopore.

iii. As a result, the post synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is prolonged.

Structure Activity Relationship

Tri-keto form is most stable in aqueous solution.
4,6-dialcoholic tautomeric forms are least stable in aqueous solution.
5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid is the prime requirement for the barbiturates to be sedative hypnotics.
Esterification of either of the 1,3-diazine nitrogens decreases hypnotic activity.
Substitution of either of the 1,3-diazine nitrogens with aliphatic carbons retains the anticonvulsive properties.
Esterification of the 5^th-position substituents yields agents with analgesic activity but with weak hypnotic properties.
Introduction of the polar functional group at the 5^th– position yields compounds which are fully devoid of sedative-hypnotic or anticonvulsive activity.
As the number of carbons at R₂ carbon increases, the lipophillicity of the drug increases.
Modification of the 2^nd-position oxygen of the barbiturate backbone with sulfur atom yields thiobarbiturate derivatives with increased lipophillicity, shorter duration of action, faster time of onset compared to oxy-derivative. [1]

Method of synthesis

Thiobarbital can be synthesized by reaction of barbital with phosphorous pentasulfide.

Therapeutic Uses

Thiobarbital is used for:

Central nervous system depression

Side Effects

Side effects of Thiobarbital are:

Confusion
Respiratory problems
Lack of coordination
Headache
Vomiting
Memory weakness

MCQ

Q.1 Thiobarbital potentiates GABA receptors, which results in?

a) Increase in opening duration of chloride ion channels

b) Decrease in opening duration of chloride ion channels

c) Decrease in binding affinity of GABA

d) Both b) and c)

Q.2 Therapeutic use of drug Thiobarbital is/are?

a) CNS depression

b) Arrhythmia treatment

c) Hypertension

d) All of the above

Q.3 Which amongst the following are the correct statements with respect to the SAR of drug Thiobarbital

I. As the number of carbons at R₂ carbon increases, the lipophillicity of the drug decreases

II. Introduction of the polar functional group at the 5^th– position yields compounds which are fully devoid of sedative-hypnotic or anticonvulsive activity

III. Esterification of the 5^th-position substituents yields agents with analgesic activity and strong hypnotic properties..

IV. Substitution of either of the 1,3-diazine nitrogens with aliphatic carbons retains the anticonvulsive properties..

a) I, III

b) II, IV

c) I, II

d) III, IV

Q.4 The starting chemicals required for the synthesis of drug Thiobarbital?

a) Phosphorous pentasulfide

b) Barbital

c) Both a) and b)

d) None of the above

Q.5 Correct sequence for the True/False for the physiochemical properties of the drug thiobarbital is?

I. Molecular weight is 300.2 g/mol

II. It is present form

III. Melting point is 180^oC

IV. 1 chiral carbons are present in the structure of barbital.

a) TFTF

b) TFFF

c) FFFT

d)FTTF

Q.6 Correct statements for the IUPAC nomenclatures of the drugs are?

I. Thiobarbital: 5,5-diethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione.

II. Amobarbital: 5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione

III. Thiamylal: 5-butan-2-yl-5-ethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione

IV. Phenobarbital : 5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione

a) II, III

b) II, IV

c) I, II, IV

d) I, III

Q.7 Match the following drugs with their correct classifications-

i. Phenylpropanolamine	A. Barbiturate sedative-hypnotic
ii. Methyldopa	B. Mixed-acting sympathomimetics
iii. Thiobarbital	C. Nonselective adrenergic antagonist
iv. Phenoxybenzamine	D. Selective α₂-adrenergic agonist