Notes: Phases of the Female Reproductive Cycle and MCQ for NEET, GPAT, NORCET, Nursing , BSC Exams
The female reproductive cycle is typically a 28-day cycle (can vary) and consists of two main cycles:
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Ovarian cycle
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Uterine (menstrual) cycle
1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1–5)
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What Happens: Shedding of the endometrial lining.
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Hormones: Low estrogen and progesterone.
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Physical Signs: Menstrual bleeding.
2. Follicular Phase (Days 1–13)
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Part of Ovarian Cycle
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What Happens: Maturation of ovarian follicles stimulated by FSH.
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Hormones: Rising estrogen levels.
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Endometrial Changes: Endometrium begins to regenerate.
3. Ovulation (Day 14)
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What Happens: Release of a mature egg from the ovary.
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Trigger: Surge in LH.
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Signs: Slight rise in body temperature, changes in cervical mucus.
4. Luteal Phase (Days 15–28)
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What Happens: Corpus luteum forms, secretes progesterone.
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Function: Prepares endometrium for possible implantation.
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If No Fertilization: Corpus luteum degenerates, hormones drop, leading to menstruation.
Summary Table
| Phase | Days | Key Hormone | Main Event |
|---|---|---|---|
| Menstrual | 1–5 | ↓ Estrogen, ↓ Progesterone | Shedding of endometrium |
| Follicular | 1–13 | ↑ FSH, ↑ Estrogen | Follicle development, endometrial growth |
| Ovulation | ~14 | LH Surge | Egg release |
| Luteal | 15–28 | ↑ Progesterone | Endometrial maintenance, possible implantation |
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. During which phase does ovulation occur?
A. Menstrual
B. Follicular
C. Ovulation
D. Luteal
Answer: C
2. What hormone surges to trigger ovulation?
A. FSH
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. LH Answer: D
3. Which phase involves the shedding of the uterine lining?
A. Luteal
B. Ovulatory
C. Menstrual
D. Follicular Answer: C
4. The corpus luteum secretes which hormone?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone Answer: D
5. When is the endometrium most receptive to implantation?
A. During menstruation
B. Right after ovulation
C. In the follicular phase
D. Before ovulation Answer: B
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