CHEMICAL METHODS FOR STERILIZATION Chemical methods for sterilization are the use of well-recognized chemical entities that can control the growth of microorganisms. [1] There are various disinfectants which can be used for the sterilization purpose. These are: Alcohols: The activity […]
Mass spectroscopy is significantly depends upon the ionization method. Ionization can be categorized into two part Hard ionization technique :- High energy, Increased fragmentation Soft ionization technique :- Low energy, Decreased fragmentation IONIZATION TECHNIQUES :- FOR VOLATILE COMPOUNDS :-A. ELECTRON […]
MASS SPECTROSCOPY is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles. It is used for determine masses of particles, for determining the elements composition of a sample or molecules and for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules. PRINCIPLE […]
ELISA :- Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay is commonly known as ELISA. where Ag-Ab interaction is monitored by enzyme measurement. It is similar in principle to RIA but depends on an enzyme rather than a radioactive labels. An enzyme conjugated with […]
DETECTION OF END POINT :- Visual indicator are formed to the most suitable for the detection of end point in non-aqueous Titration There are following important indicator are used in non aqueous Titration are as follows :- 1. Indicator :– […]
DEFINITION :- Non-aqueous titration is the titration of substance dissolved in solvent other than water. OR Non-aqueous titrations are those in which the titration of weakly acidic or basic substances are carried out using non-aqueous solvents so as to get […]
X-RAY DIFFRACTION THEORY :- X-RAY wavelength = 10-2-10nm (10-104pm) X-ray diffraction is a science of determing arrangements of atoms within the crystals in which beam of X-ray is scattered by atom in the crystal. X-ray crystallography is based upon transition […]
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY :- This techinque is used to determine concentration of antigen in given sample. This techinque is very sensitivity it can detected 0.001 μg/ml. This techinque was introduced in 1960 by berson & yalow. PRINCIPLE OF RIA :- It involves three […]
INSTRUMENTATION OF CONDUCTOMETER :- Current source :- Alternative current source is used. High frequency alternating current generator is employed. electrical potential is applied ions will be transfer and ultimately conductance take place. Conductivity meter :- Digital display, calibrator,power switch. Conductivity […]
INTRODUCTION :- “Thrombosis is a process of formation of solid mass in circulation from the constituent of flowing blood, the mass itself is called as thrombus.” 1.] Thrombosis is characterized by events that essentially involve activation of platelets, the process […]