Aerosol formulation: Topical pharmaceuticals may be formulated as aerosols using solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders, and semisolid preparations, while MDIs are formulated as solutions or suspensions. Solution aerosols – Topical aerosols consist of a solution of active ingredients in pure propellant […]
Pharmaceutical Aerosols The propellant generally is regarded as the heart of the aerosol package. In addition to supplying the necessary force to expel the product, the propellant must also act as a solvent and diluent and has much to do […]
Sterile powders: Dry sterile powder is aseptically added to a sterile vial. The dry drug powder is reconstituted with a sterile vehicle before use. Powders for injections are solid substances, distributed in their final containers and which, when shaken with […]
Quality Assurance and Control: The importance of undertaking every possible means to ensure the quality of the finished product cannot be overemphasized. Every component and step of the manufacturing process must be subjected to intense scrutiny to be confident quality […]
Containers and Closures: Injectable formulations are packaged into containers made of glass or plastic. Container systems include ampoules, vials, syringes, cartridges, bottles, and bags. Ampoules are all glass, whereas bags are all plastic. The other containers can be composed of […]
Ophthalmic preparations are specialized dosage forms designed to be instilled onto the external surface of the eye (topical), administered inside the eye (intraocular) or adjacent to it (periocular, e.g., juxtascleral or subtenon), or used in conjunction with an ophthalmic device. […]