Formulation variables: Formulation variables that are generally considered include (a) the nature and form of the active principle (esters, salts, complexes, etc.), (b) the physical state, particle dimensions, and the specific surface of the product, (c) the solubility of the […]
Dissolution Test Parameters: Eccentricity of the stirring device – The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifies that the stirring shaft must rotate smoothly without significant wobble. Eccentricity can be measured in terms of total indicator reading(TIR) with the help of machinist’s […]
ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Antimicrobial drugs: Antimicrobial drugs are chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin that suppress the growth of, or destroy, micro-organisms including bacteria, fungi, helminths, protozoa and viruses. Antimicrobial drugs include: antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents. Classifications: These drugs […]
Antiemetics: Antiemetics are a heterogeneous group of drugs used to treat various causes of nausea and vomiting. Different antiemetics act on different receptors, and they may have a peripheral effect, a central effect, or both. Antiemetic drugs can help when nausea […]
Emesis: Vomiting is rarely painful, but never pleasant. Vomiting, also known scientifically as “emesis” and colloquially as throwing up, retching, heaving, or being sick, is the forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying of stomach contents through the mouth or, less often, […]
Constipation: It is a condition where there is infrequent bowel movement. Causes: Diet( lack of fibers and liquids), lack of exercise, age, […]
Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Directorate General of Health Services under the aegis of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India in association with Indian Pharmacopeia commission, Ghaziabad is initiating a […]
Pharmacovigilance has been defined by the WHO (2002) as the ‘science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effect or any other drug related problems.’ The information generated by pham1acovigilance is useful in educating doctors […]
Oogenesis occurs in the outermost layers of the ovaries. As with sperm production, oogenesis starts with a germ cell, called an oogonium (plural: oogonia), but this cell undergoes mitosis to increase in number, eventually resulting in up to one to […]
Principle The ball mill operates on the principle of impact and attrition. In this, impact occurs between fast moving balls and the powder material while the attrition mode comes in action when the hollow cylinder rotates on its longitudinal axis. […]