Overview of the Loop of Henle: The Loop of Henle is part of the nephron in the kidney and plays a major role in concentrating urine. It consists of: Segment Description Permeability Descending Limb Goes deep into the medulla Permeable […]
Notes on Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) – Reabsorption & Secretion Overview of the PCT Location: First segment of the nephron tubule, following Bowman’s capsule. Structure: Composed of simple cuboidal epithelium with extensive microvilli (brush border) to maximize surface area for […]
Structure of Glomerulus The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. It is enclosed within a Bowman’s capsule and plays a crucial role in the process of urine formation. Key structural […]
The plasma membrane, a flexible yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell, is best described by using a structural model called the fluid mosaic model. According to this model, the molecular arrangement of the plasma […]
Normally, the osmotic pressure of the cytosol is the same as the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid outside cells. Because the osmotic pressure on both sides of the plasma membrane (which is selectively permeable) is the same, cell volume […]
In carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, a carrier (also called a trans porter) is used to move a solute down its concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. The solute binds to a specific carrier on one side of the membrane and […]
The cell contains various structural components to allow it to maintain life which are known as organelles. All the organelles are suspended within a gelatinous matrix, the cytoplasm, which is contained within the cell membrane. One of the few cells […]
Ball and Socket Joint The ball and socket joint (or spheroid joint) is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. The distal bone is capable of motion around […]
In a condyloid joint or ellipsoidal joint (a type of synovial joint), the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone. A condyloid joint is biaxial because the movement it permits is around two […]