Bumetanide

IUPAC nomenclature

3-butylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid

Classification

• Sulfamyl
• Diuretics

Physiochemical Properties

­­­_­­

Mechanism of Action

• Bumetanide inhibits the sodium-potassium ATPase pump and interferes with renal cAMP.
• It blocks the active reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, and also alters the electrolyte transfer in PCT, thereby; there is increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride and water from the body.

Structure Activity Relationship

General structure activity relationship of bumetanide can be summarized as:.

• There is replacement of chloro and trifluoromethyl groups as in other diuretics with phenoxy group.
• Amine group is also shifted from 6^th position to 5^th
• Replacement of phenoxy group with C6H5NH- or with C6H5S- groups also gives compounds with favorable activity.
• Replacement of butyl group at C-5 position with a furanylmethyl group, compound so obtained has unfavorable activity. [1]

Method of synthesis

i. 4-chlorobenzoic acid undergoes sulfonylchlorination by the help of chlorosulfonic acid to get 4-chloro-3-chlorosulfonylbenzoic acid.

ii. Nitration of the above formed compound using nitric acid to get the compound 4-chloro-3-chlorosulfonyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid.

iii. On reacting the last with sodium phenolate, 5-amino-sulfonyl-3-nitro-5-phenoxybenzoic acid is produced.

iv. Reducing the nitro group of above formed product by using hydrogen using a palladium on carbon catalyst produces the compound 3-amino-5-aminosulfonyl-5-phenoxybenzoic acid.

v. Reacting the last with butyl alcohol in presence of sulfuric acid gives the drug bumetanide. [2]

Medicinal Uses

Bumetanide is used for:

• Treatment of edema related with CHF, liver cirrhosis, renal diseases. 

Side Effects

Side effects of Bumetanide are:

• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Dehydration
• Muscle cramps
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Confusion
• Fainting
• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Irregular heartbeat
• Allergic reactions

MCQs

Q.1 Which of the following statements are correct related with the physicochemical properties of drug Hydrochlorothiazide?

I. Molecular weight: 364.4 gm/mol

II. Physical appearance: Solid

III. Melting point: 230.5 ^oC

a) I, II, III

b) I, II

c) II, III

d) I, III

Q.2 Match the following of the drugs with their correct IUPAC names.

 a) i-B, ii-C, iii-D, iv-A

b) i-D, ii-C, iii-B, iv-A

c) i-D, ii-B, iii-A, iv-C

d) i-B, ii-A, iii-D, iv-C

Q.3 Mechanism of action of drug Bumetanide includes?

I. Inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase pump

II.Interferes with renal cAMP

III. Alters the electrolyte transfer in PCT

IV. Increase in excretion of water from body

a) I, III, IV

b) II, IV

c)I,  II, III

d) I, II, III, IV

Q.4 Correct sequence for True/false for the classification of the drug can be?

• Bumetanide: Diuretics
• Tolazoline: α-adrenergic blocker
• Betazolol: ß-adrenergic blocker
• Naphazoline: Inhalational anesthetics

a) TFFT

b) FFTT

c) FFFF

d) TTTF

Q.5 Which of the following statements related with the SAR of Bumetanide is/are correct?

a) There is replacement of chloro and trifluoromethyl groups as in other diuretics with phenoxy group.

b) Amine group is also shifted from 6^th position to 5^th

c) Replacement of phenoxy group with C6H5NH- or with C6H5S- groups also gives compounds with favorable activity.

d) All of the above

Q.6 Type of rings present in the structure of Bumetanide?

I. Phenyl

II. Benzothiazine

III. Dihydrofuran

IV. Cyclobutane

a) II, IV

b) I

c) III, IV

d) II 

Q.7 Side effect of drug Bumetanide is/are?

a) Dehydration

b) Muscle cramps

c) Fainting

d) All of the above

For More Standard and Quality Question Bank you can Join Our Test Series Programme for GPAT, NIPER JEE, Pharmacist Recruitment Exam, Drug Inspector Recruitment Exams, PhD Entrance Exam for Pharmacy

Participate in Online FREE  GPAT  TEST: CLICK HERE

  Participate in Online FREE  Pharmacist  TEST: CLICK HERE 

Participate in Online FREE  Drug Inspector  TEST: CLICK HERE 

Participate in CSIR NET JRF Mock Test

Participate GATE Mock Test

ANSWERS

1-a

2-a

3-d

4-d

5-d

6-b

7-d

REFERENCES