Comparison: Protease Inhibitors vs Integrase Inhibitors Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Feature Protease Inhibitors (PIs) Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action Inhibit HIV protease enzyme → prevents cleavage of viral polyproteins Inhibit HIV integrase enzyme → prevents integration […]
Comparative Chart: Zidovudine, Efavirenz, Lopinavir, Dolutegravir, Enfuvirtide, Maraviroc Drug Pharmacokinetics Drug-Drug Interactions Common Side Effects Zidovudine (NRTI) Oral bioavailability ~60–70% Half-life: ~1 hr (plasma), ~3–4 hrs (intracellular) Renal excretion Competes with other drugs for glucuronidation Increased toxicity with other myelosuppressive […]
Notes on Anti-HIV Drugs 1. HIV Lifecycle Overview Entry → Reverse Transcription → Integration → Transcription & Translation → Assembly → Budding → Maturation 2. Classes of Anti-HIV Drugs Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Drug Class Mechanism of […]
📘 STUDY NOTES 1. 📍 Ducts of the Testes The ducts of the testes are responsible for the transport of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis. ✅ Components: Seminiferous tubules: Site of spermatogenesis (sperm production). Straight tubules (Tubuli […]
Antiviral Drug Classes & Mechanisms of Action Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Class Example Drugs Target Virus Mechanism of Action 1. Entry Inhibitors Maraviroc, Enfuvirtide HIV Block entry of virus into host cells. Maraviroc blocks CCR5 receptor; Enfuvirtide […]
The human sperm cell is a specialized male gamete designed for delivering genetic material to the female ovum. Its unique structure facilitates mobility and successful fertilization. The sperm cell comprises four primary regions: Head Nucleus: Contains tightly packed haploid DNA […]
Malaria Treatment & Pharmacology Chart Drug Class Mechanism of Action Indications Administration Common Side Effects Contraindications Artemether/Lumefantrine Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) Artemether: Rapid parasite clearance; Lumefantrine: Prolongs action of artemether First-line for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria Oral Headache, nausea, dizziness, […]
Notes on Anti-Malarial Drugs Mechanism (via Chart) 🔄 Lifecycle of Plasmodium Mosquito Stage (Anopheles bite) Injects sporozoites into human bloodstream. Liver Stage (Hepatic) Sporozoites → liver cells → schizonts → merozoites. Blood Stage (Erythrocytic) Merozoites infect RBCs → trophozoites → […]
Anti-TB drugs are categorized into: First-line drugs: Primary agents used for drug-sensitive TB. Second-line drugs: Used for drug-resistant TB (e.g., MDR-TB, XDR-TB) Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here 🩺 First-Line Anti-TB Drugs Drug Chemical Class Mechanism of Action Spectrum […]
Urinary tract antiseptics are drugs that exert their effect mainly in the urinary tract and are not used for systemic infections. They are especially useful in lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) like cystitis. 1. Nitrofurantoin Class: Nitrofuran antibiotic Mechanism: Reduced […]