Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa (mature male gametes) are produced from spermatogonial stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Begins at puberty under the influence of hormones (especially FSH and testosterone). Takes approximately 64–74 days in […]
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1. Overview The testes (testicles) are the male gonads, responsible for producing sperm (spermatogenesis) and testosterone (primary male sex hormone). Located in the scrotum, which maintains temperature ~2–3°C below body temp for optimal sperm development. 
2. External Anatomy Structure […]
Definition: The scrotum is a pouch of skin located posterior to the penis, containing and supporting the testes. It plays a vital role in temperature regulation and protection of the testes. 
Anatomical Structure (Layers – from superficial to deep): […]
Functions of the Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system has several important functions necessary for sexual reproduction. These include: 1. Production of Sperm (Spermatogenesis) Occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Controlled by hormones such as FSH (Follicle […]
Definition: Oogenesis is the process by which ova (female gametes) are produced from primordial germ cells in the ovaries. It begins before birth, pauses, and completes after puberty during ovulation and fertilization. 
STEPS OF OOGENESIS (CHART FORMAT) Stage Cell […]
1. Definition: The perineum is the region between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx, bounded laterally by the ischial tuberosities. It includes the external genitalia and the anal opening. 2. Boundaries: Anterior: Pubic symphysis Posterior: Coccyx Lateral: Ischial tuberosities Superior […]
The female reproductive cycle is typically a 28-day cycle (can vary) and consists of two main cycles: Ovarian cycle Uterine (menstrual) cycle 1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1–5) What Happens: Shedding of the endometrial lining. Hormones: Low estrogen and progesterone. Physical […]
Menstrual Cycle: Notes The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle in females (~28 days on average) that prepares the body for pregnancy. It is divided into three main phases: 1. Menstrual Phase (Day 1–5) Shedding of the endometrial lining due […]
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