Ion Exchange Chromatography: Introduction,Principle, Theory and Question Answer- Part 1

Introduction :-

In IEC resin is used to co valently attach anion or cation into it. Analyte ions with opposite charge in the liquid mobile phase are attached to the resin by electrostatic force.

Most of the bio molecules and many drugs molecule in solution generally have changed group on their surface, which change with the pH of the solution. This make ion Exchange of the molecule possible with stationary phase region in IEC.

Molecules reversible bind to an opposite charged group of the resign packing material molecules with a higher charge density bind more strongly to the packing.

IEC is highly selective and specific and has a high capacity, it is particularly effective for protein separation because these molecules are amphoteric.

Principle :-

The principle is involved in the technique is the reversible exchange of ion between ion present in sample and ion Exchange resin.

Theory :-

Ion exchange separation ar usually carried out in column consists of ion Exchange resin.

There are mainly two types of ion Exchange.

1. Cation exchangers :– These exchange consists of negative charge group and attached positive charge group. These are also called as acidic ion Exchangers as the negative charge is result of photolysis of acidic group.

2. Anion Exchangers :- These exchangers consists of positive charged group and attract negative charge group.

Ion exchange material :-

Ion Exchange material are available naturally and they also can be synthesis.

A. Natural Ion :–  The natural obtained ion exchangers are of difference from. They are ,

1. Cation exchanger like zeolyte

2. Anion Exchangers like dolomite

B. Synthetic Ion – exchangers :– The synthetic Ion exchange resins are based on cross linked polystyrene prepared by co- polystyrene prepared by co-polymersition of styrene and divinyl benzene.

Other synthetic ion exchange resin used are :-

A. Co polymer of acrylic acid derivative and divinyl benzene

B. Cross linked dextrane.

C. Cellulose fibers with introduce charged group.

MCQ.

1. Which material are used as supporting system in ion exchange chromatography?

A. Phenol

B. Metal

C. Resin

D. Carbohydrates

2. Which bond is seen between cation, anion or resin ?

A. Hydrogen bond

B. Co valent bond.

C. London force

D. All of the above

3. Analyte and resin are binding by which force ?

A. Gravity

B. Hydrogen

C. Heating

D. Electrostatic force

4. Which type of material are separated by IEC ?

A. Protein

B. Bio molecules

C. A and B

D. None of the above

5. Which phenomenon is seen in IEC ?

A. reversible exchange of ions

B. Direct exchange of ions

C. A and B

D. None of the above

6. Which is example of nature ion exchanger material ?

A.  Acrylic acid

B. Divinyl Benzene

C. Dextran

D. Dolomite

Answer key

1. C

2. B

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. D

Reference :-

TEXT BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS THIRD EDITION OF DR. RAVI SANKAR (16. 1TO16.10)