Ipratropium bromide

IUPAC nomenclature

Classification

Ipratropium is an acetylcholine antagonist. It is a muscarinic antagonist.

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

i. The drug inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system in the airways.

ii. Ipratropium stops the activity of acetylcholine in the smooh muscles preventing the contraction and relaxed airways.

iii. This leads to bronchodilation and a fewer secretions. [1]

Structure Activity Relationship

• Either R₁ or R₂ must be heterocyclic or carbocyclic.
• The R₃ group can be hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl or amide.
• Most potent derivatives has X as an ester.
• X can also be either oxygen or absent completely.
• The N substituent can be quaternary ammonium salt or tertiary amine or both with different alkyl groups.
• Maximum potency obtained when the distance between the ring substituted carbons is 2 carbon units.

Method of synthesis

i. Tropic acid and tropine reacts to give atropine.

ii. Treating atropine with isopropyl bromide gives ipratropium bromide. [2]

Therapeutic Uses

Ipratropium bromide is used for controlling and prevention of symptoms of:

• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease like bronchitis and emphysema

Side Effects

Side effects of Ipratropium bromide are:

• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Stomach upset
• Constipation
• Drowsiness
• Allergic reactions

MCQ

Q.1 What can be the correct IUPAC nomenclature of Ipratropium bromide?

a) (RS)-1-(1-methylethylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol.

b) [8-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)- 8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate

c) (RS)-(8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

d) 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride.

Q.2 Which amongst the following statements is/are incorrect related to the SAR of Ipratropium bromide?

I. X can also be either oxygen or absent completely.

II. The N substituent can be quarternary ammonium salt or tertiary amine or both with different alkyl groups.

III. Minimum potency obtained when the distance between the ring substituted carbons is 2 carbon units.

a) III

b) I

c) II, I

d) II, III

Q.3 The interaction of Atropine and isopropylbromide produces?

a) Ipratropium bromide

b) Carbachol

c) Procyclidine

d) Doxacurium

Q.4 Side effects of drug Ipratropium bromide is/are?

a) Allergic reactions

b) Constipation

c) Dryness in mouth

d) All of the above

Q.5 Match the following drugs with correct number of chiral carbons they are having.

 a) i-A, ii-C, iii-B, iv-D

b) i-D, ii-,B iii-A, iv-C

c) i-B, ii-D, iii-A, iv-C

d) i-A, ii-C, iii-D, iv-B

Q.6 An example of drug from class Acetylcholie Antagonist (muscarinic antagonist) is?

a) Donepezil

b) Carbachol

c) Ipratropium

d) Paraoxin

Q.7 The type of ring system found in Ipratropium?

a) Benzene

b) Napthalene

c) Imidazole

d) None of the above

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ANSWERS

1-b

2-a

3-a

4-d

5-d

6-c

7-a

REFERENCES