CONDUCTOMETRY: Definition, Principle,Theory and MCQ for GPAT, GATE and CSIR NET JRF

DEFINITION :-  Conductometry is defined as determination or measurement of the electrical conductance of an aq. electrolyte solution by means of a conductometer.

PRINCIPLE :- It is based on the conductance of electrical current by aqueous electrolyte solutions in a manner similar to that of metallic conductors.

The electrical conductance is in accordance with the ohm′s law which states the strength of current passing through a conductor (in this case electrolyte solution.) is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the electrodes and inversely proportional to the resistance offered by the conductor

i.e., i=v/R

where,

i= current

v=potential difference

R= resistance (ohms  Ω)

SOME IMPORTANT TERM DEFINITION :-

1.SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (K):–  Specific conductance of a homogenous body may be defined as the conductance of the body of uniform length and uniform area of cross section(A).

I.E.       Gα A/L

             G=K A/L

             K= G L/A

WHERE, K = SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE

UNITS :- Ohm^– cm^–

Specific conductance is also defined as reciprocal of specific resistance.

2.Molar conductance (λ) :– It is defined as the conductance of a solution containing 1 mole of the solute in 1000 cm³ of the solution which is placed between two parallel electrodes which are  are 1 cm apart.

         λ=1000k/c

                           K = specific conductance (ohm^-1 cm^-1)

                           C = molar concentration (moles/cm³)

              UNITS :- Ohm^-1 cm² mol^-1

3.Equivalent conductance (λ_eq):- It is defined as the specific conductance (k) of a solution containing 1 gm equivalent of solute in 1000 cm³ of solution.

λ_eq = 1000k/c_eq

where,

 k= specific conductance

c_eq = Equivalent concentration

unit :- ohm^-1 cm² equiv^-1

 4. Ohm′s Law :- the current flowing in a conductor is directly proportional to the applied electromotive force and                                       inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor

I=E/R

5. Kohlrausch law :- At infinite dilution each ion contribute definite amount of conductance to total                                                                       conductance irrespective nature of other ions.

CONDUCTOMETRY THEORY :- 

• In conductometric titration the end point is detected by measuring the change in the electrical conductance of the solution which is being titrated.
• Generally the conductometric titrations is based on the conduct of a solution and depends on the concentration and conductive of the ions.
• It is also based on the substitutions of one mobility by the ion of another mobility.

Ex:-

Addition of HCl to ammonium hydroxide

H⁺  Cl^–  + NH₄⁺ OH^–     →     NH₄Cl  + H2O

The high conductivity H ions (350) are replaced by low conductivity NH4 ions (73).

FACTORS AFFECTING CONDUCTANCE :-

APPLICATION OF CONDUCTOMETRY :-

1. Finding conductance of unknown compound.
2. salt analysis.
3. Ionic product of water.
4. Determination of solubility and Ksp of sparingly soluble compound.
5. Determination of mode of ionization of complex compound.
6. Conductometric titration & precipitation titrations.
7. Purity of water.

MCQ:-

1. Which is working principal of conductometry ?

a. measurement of potention.

b.measurement of conductivity of solution.

c.measurement of emf.

d. none of the above

2. which equation is explained ohm′s law ?

a.  K= G L/A

b.I=E/R

c.λ_eq = 1000k/c_eq

d.   λ=1000k/c

3.”The specific conductance (k) of a solution containing 1 gm equivalent of solute in 1000 cm³ of solution.” this sentence shows which term definition?

a.Ohm′s Law

b.SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE

c.Molar conductance

d. Equivalent conductance (λ_eq)

4. Which is not application of conductometry ?

a. determine of moisture and water contain

b.Purity of water

c.Ionic product of water.

d. Conductometric titration & precipitation titration

5. In conductometry solution if temp. is increase by 1ºc

a.1% rise in mobility of ions.

b.2% rise in mobility of ions.

c.3% rise in mobility of ions.

d.4% rise in mobility of ions.

6.Kohlrausch law is 

a.the current flowing in a conductor is directly proportional to the applied electromotive force and  inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor

b.At infinite dilution each ion contribute definite amount of conductance to total conductance irrespective nature of other ions.

c.Specific conductance of a homogenous body may be defined as the conductance of the body of uniform length and uniform area of cross section(A)

d.It is defined as the conductance of a solution containing 1 mole of the solute in 1000 cm³ of the solution which is placed between two parallel electrodes which are  are 1 cm apart.

7. if the ion size is decrease in solutions

a.conductance decrease

b.conductance increase

c.a and b

d.none of the above

ANSWER KEY :-

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.A

5.B

6.B

7.B

For More Standard and Quality Question Bank you can Join Our Test Series Programme for GPAT, NIPER JEE, Pharmacist Recruitment Exam, Drug Inspector Recruitment Exams, PhD Entrance Exam for Pharmacy

Participate in Online FREE  GPAT  TEST: CLICK HERE

  Participate in Online FREE  Pharmacist  TEST: CLICK HERE 

Participate in Online FREE  Drug Inspector  TEST: CLICK HERE 

REFERENCE :- 

TEXT BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS THIRD EDITION DR. S. RAVI SANKAR (PAGE NO.10.1-10.6)