Bronchiectasis : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

” Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal and irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles developing secondary to inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.”

1.] Post – infectious cases commonly develop in childhood and in early adult life.

2.] It is modified by clinically by cough, fever, and the the expectoration of copious amount of foul smelling, purulent sputum.

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CAUSES :-

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SYMPTOMS :-

Some of the symptoms of bronchiectasis are as follows :

• Daily chronic coughing
• Coughing up blood
• Abnormal sound or wheezing in the chest with breathing
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in the chest
• Large amount of thick cough is expelled daily
• Respiratory infection become frequent
• Fatigue

TREATMENT :-

There is no proper cure for bronchiectasis. But in and all our main goal is to keep the bronchial secretion and infection under control. So some of the methods are as follows :

• Pulmonary rehabilitation.
• Antibiotics to prevent and treat infection.
• Albuterol (proventil) and tiotropium (spiriva) are the bronchodilators which are used to open up the airways so that a person can easily breath.
• For the thinning of the mucus medications are provided.
• When the oxygen level is too low like in case of serious infection Oxygen therapy is given to the patient.
• For fast expel of mucus expectorants are given to the patient .
• Because of the frequent respiratory infection vaccinations are also given.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] Bronchiectasis affects which part of the body ?

a. Lung

b. Brain

c. Heart

d. Liver

2.] With bronchiectasis which substance build – up in the lungs ?

a. Mucus

b. Oxygen

c. Carbon di oxide

d. Nitrogen

3.] Which of the following is the cause of bronchiectasis ?

a. Pneumonia

b. An injury to lung

c. In inherited condition

d. All of the above

4.] Pulmonary fibrosis is not produced by ?

a. Tuberculosis

b. Cor pulmonale

c. Progressive systemic sclerosis

d. Rheumatoid arthritis

5.] Does lung injury can cause bronchiectasis ?

a. True

b. False

6.] Which of the following are the cause of bronchiectasis ?

a. Autoimmune disease

b. HIV

c. Allergic aspergillosis

d. All of the above

7.] Does the symptoms of bronchiectasis can take months or even years to develop ?

a. False

b. True

8.] Copious amount of foul smelling cough, purulent sputum are the symptoms of ?

a. Chronic bronchitis

b. Asthma

c. Bronchiectasis

d. None of the above

9.] Which of the following bronchodilators are used in the treatment of bronchiectasis ?

a. Albuterol

b. Tiotropium

c. Both (a) and (b)

d. None of the above

10.] Which of the following are the symptoms of bronchiectasis ?

a. Chest pain, fever

b. Shortness of breath

c. Coughing up blood

d. All of the above

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (a) Lung

2.] (a) Mucus

3.] (d)

4.] (b) Cor pulmonale

5.] (a)

6.] (d)

7.] (b)

8.] (c) Bronchiectasis

9.] (c)

10.] (d)

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 465 – 466.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 692 – 694.