Mechanism of Action: Aminoglycosides irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. This inhibits initiation of protein synthesis, causes misreading of mRNA, and leads to abnormal/nonfunctional proteins. Bactericidal in action (unusual for protein synthesis inhibitors). Oxygen-dependent active transport into […]
Notes on Chloramphenicol Pharmacology Mechanism of Action: Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It inhibits peptidyl transferase activity, preventing peptide bond formation. It is bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal against H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, […]
Comparison chart of Cephalosporin Generations Generation Spectrum of Activity Gram-Positive Coverage Gram-Negative Coverage Resistant to β-lactamase? Key Examples Clinical Uses 1st Narrow Good Limited No Cefazolin, Cephalexin Skin infections, surgical prophylaxis, UTIs 2nd Intermediate Moderate Better than 1st Slightly Cefuroxime, […]
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1. Introduction Uterus is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in the female pelvis. Also called the womb. Primary function: Nourishment and development of the fetus during pregnancy. 2. Location In female pelvis, between the urinary bladder (anteriorly) and the rectum […]
Fallopian Tube (Uterine Tube) – Anatomy Notes 1. Introduction Also called: Uterine tube or Oviduct. Function: Transport ova from the ovary to the uterus. Site of fertilization (usually in the ampulla). 2. Parts of the Fallopian Tube (from lateral → […]
1. TETRACYCLINES Target: 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Action: Tetracyclines bind reversibly to the 30S subunit. They block the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This prevents addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain → Stops […]
1. Classification of Tetracyclines Tetracyclines are classified based on duration of action: Type Drugs Half-life Short-acting Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline 6–8 hours Intermediate-acting Demeclocycline 12–16 hours Long-acting Doxycycline, Minocycline 16–24 hours 2. Mechanism of Action Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to […]
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1. Main Functions Production of female gametes (ova): Occurs in the ovaries via oogenesis. Reception of male gametes (sperm): Happens through the vagina during sexual intercourse. Fertilization: Usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. Implantation and development of embryo: Takes place […]