Class: Benzimidazole Anthelmintics Used for: Roundworms, Hookworms, Whipworms, Pinworms, Hydatid disease (Albendazole) 
Mechanism of Action (Pharmacodynamics) Drug Mechanism of Action Mebendazole 1. Binds β-tubulin, inhibits microtubule polymerization → impairs glucose uptake 2. ↓ ATP → worm paralysis & […]
Anthelmintics │ ├── 1. Benzimidazoles │ ├── Albendazole │ ├── Mebendazole │ └── Thiabendazole │ ├── 2. Imidazothiazoles │ └── Levamisole │ ├── 3. Tetrahydropyrimidines │ └── Pyrantel pamoate │ ├── 4. Macrocyclic Lactones (Avermectins & Milbemycins) │ └── Ivermectin […]
Comparison: Protease Inhibitors vs Integrase Inhibitors Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Feature Protease Inhibitors (PIs) Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs) Mechanism of Action Inhibit HIV protease enzyme → prevents cleavage of viral polyproteins Inhibit HIV integrase enzyme → prevents integration […]
Comparison: NRTIs vs NNRTIs Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Feature NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) Mechanism of Action Act as false nucleosides; incorporated into viral DNA, causing chain termination Bind directly to […]
Comparative Chart: Zidovudine, Efavirenz, Lopinavir, Dolutegravir, Enfuvirtide, Maraviroc Drug Pharmacokinetics Drug-Drug Interactions Common Side Effects Zidovudine (NRTI) Oral bioavailability ~60–70% Half-life: ~1 hr (plasma), ~3–4 hrs (intracellular) Renal excretion Competes with other drugs for glucuronidation Increased toxicity with other myelosuppressive […]
Notes on Anti-HIV Drugs 1. HIV Lifecycle Overview Entry → Reverse Transcription → Integration → Transcription & Translation → Assembly → Budding → Maturation 2. Classes of Anti-HIV Drugs Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Drug Class Mechanism of […]
Antiviral Drug Classes & Mechanisms of Action Participate in GPAT MOCK TEST: Click Here Class Example Drugs Target Virus Mechanism of Action 1. Entry Inhibitors Maraviroc, Enfuvirtide HIV Block entry of virus into host cells. Maraviroc blocks CCR5 receptor; Enfuvirtide […]
Malaria Treatment & Pharmacology Chart Drug Class Mechanism of Action Indications Administration Common Side Effects Contraindications Artemether/Lumefantrine Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) Artemether: Rapid parasite clearance; Lumefantrine: Prolongs action of artemether First-line for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria Oral Headache, nausea, dizziness, […]
Notes on Anti-Malarial Drugs Mechanism (via Chart) 
Lifecycle of Plasmodium Mosquito Stage (Anopheles bite) Injects sporozoites into human bloodstream. Liver Stage (Hepatic) Sporozoites → liver cells → schizonts → merozoites. Blood Stage (Erythrocytic) Merozoites infect RBCs → trophozoites → […]