Category: Pharmacology

Beta-lactamase Inhibitors Pharmacology Notes and MCQ for GPAT, NEET PG, NORCET Exams

Beta-lactamase Inhibitors Pharmacology Definition: Beta-lactamase inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the action of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria. Mechanism of Action: They bind irreversibly to beta-lactamase enzymes, preventing these enzymes from breaking down beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins). Classification of Beta-lactamase […]

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Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Mechanism of Action, Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors, MCQ for GPAT, NEET PG

Overview of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Definition: A class of antibiotics containing a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structure, effective against a wide range of bacteria. Examples: Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams. Target: Primarily Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Key Feature: Bactericidal (kill […]

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Notes on Cotrimoxazole Pharmacology and MCQ for BPharm, GPAT, NEETPG, NORCET Exam

Cotrimoxazole Overview Cotrimoxazole is a combination antibiotic medication that contains two active ingredients: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It’s commonly used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory infections (like bronchitis or pneumonia), and certain types […]

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Notes on Sulfonamides Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, Drug Interaction and MCQ for GPAT, NEET PG, NIPER JEE and Competitive exams

Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Well-absorbed orally from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma levels: 2-6 hours post-dose. Food may delay absorption but doesn’t reduce total amount absorbed. Distribution: Widely distributed in body fluids (e.g., pleural, peritoneal, ocular fluids). Crosses placenta and blood-brain barrier […]

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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Post Antibiotic Effect (PAE) with examples and MCQ GPAT, NEET PG

Definitions with Examples 🔬 1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): Definition:MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation. Example:If an E. coli strain stops growing at 2 µg/mL of ampicillin […]

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Beta-2 Adrenergic Sympathomimetics in the Treatment of Asthma: Bronchodilators Notes, Lecture and MCQ with Answer

Beta-2 Selective Sympathomimetics in the Treatment of Asthma Beta-2 selective sympathomimetics are a class of drugs primarily used in the treatment of asthma due to their ability to cause bronchodilation by selectively stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. These […]

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Pathophysiology of Asthma : Simplified, MCQ on Pathophysiology of Asthmatic attack

Notes for Students Pathophysiology of Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that leads to variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. It primarily affects the bronchi (large and small airways), leading to inflammation, smooth muscle […]

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Asthma Overview: Definition, Etiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and MCQ based on asthma

Notes of Asthma Asthma: A Detailed Overview 1. Definition of Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in the lungs, characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. It results in episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, […]

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Asthma Pathophysiology Pathway Notes and Explanation with video Lecture

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. This feature of asthma has implications for the diagnosis, management, and potential prevention of the disease.  The immunohistopathologic features of asthma include inflammatory cell infiltration: — Neutrophils (especially in sudden-onset, […]

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