Clemastine

IUPAC nomenclature 

(2R)-2-{2-[(1R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy]ethyl}-1-methylpyrrolidine

Classification

• H1-receptor antihistamine
• Ethanolamine ether antihistamine

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

i. Clemastine binds with Histamine H1 receptor and produces antagonistic effects.

ii. This results in blockage of action of endogenous histamine

iii. Temporary relief of negative symptoms produced due to histamine

Structure Activity Relationship

Structure activity of ethanolamine ethers can be summarized as:

• 8-chlorotheophyllinate salt of diphenhydramine is used for treatment of motion sickness
• Compounds with p-Cl-Ph and 2-pyridyl aryl groups are carboxamine, which is a potent anti-histamine drug.
• Substitution of the methyl group at the carbon alpha to the ether function gives a related compound known as doxylamine.
• An additional carbon atom between oxygen and nitrogen produces clemastine which has lower sedative properties.
• In setastine, alkyl amine substituent is incorporated into seven-membered hexahydroazepine ring, having lower sedative properties.
• With increase in alkyl group size at C-2’, there is decrease in antihistaminic activity and increases in anticholinergic activity..
• Introduction of alkyl substituents at C-4’results in decrease in anticholinergic activity and increase in antihistaminic activity.[1]

Method of synthesis

i. Reaction of 4-chloroactophenone with phenylmagnesium bromide to give 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethanol.

ii. The last is reacted with 2-(2-chlorethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine using sodium amide as base to give clemastine [2]

Medicinal Uses

Clemastine is used for treatment of:

• Sneezing
• Watery eyes
• Runny nose
• Skin rash
• Hay fever
• Itching
• Cold symptoms
• Allergy symptoms 

Side Effects

Side effects of Clemastine are:

• Drowsiness
• Blurred vision
• Restlessness
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Stomach upset
• Constipation
• Dry mouth, nose and throat
• Difficulty in breathing
• Mental or mood changes
• Hallucinations
• Allergic reactions
• Seizures

MCQs

Q.1 Which of the following statements related with the physical properties of drug clemastine?

Molecular weight: 343.9 gm/mol

Physical appearance: Oily liquid

III. Melting point: 178^oC

Octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.2

a) I, II, IV

b) II, IV

c) III, IV

d) I, V

Q.2 Match the following of the drugs with their correct IUPAC names.

 a. i-A, ii-B, iii-D, iv-C

b. i-B, ii-D, iii-C, iv-A

c. i-C, ii-A, iii-B, iv-D

d. i-B, ii-A, iii-C, iv-D

Q.3 Mechanism of action of Clemastine includes?

I. It binds with Histamine H1 receptor and produces antagonistic effects.

II. Permanent relief in negative symptoms produced due to histamine

III. Binding with alpha-adrenergic receptors

a) I, II

b) II, III

c) I, III

d) III

Q.4 Correct sequence for True/false for the classification of the drug can be?

• Clemastine: Ethanolamine ether antihistamine drug
• Naproxen: NSAID
• Diclofenac: NSAID
• Desflurane: Inhalational anesthetics

a) TTTT

b) FTTF

c) FTTF

d) TTFF

Q.5 8-Chlorotheophyllinate salt of diphenhydramine is used for treatment of?

a) Motion sickness

b) Bradyarrhythmia

c) Pain

d) All of the above

Q.6 The correct sequence for the steps for synthesis of drug clemastine from 4-chloroacetophenone can be?

I. Reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide

II. Reaction with 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine

III. Reaction with sodium amide

a) I – II – III

b) I – III – II

c) III – II – I

d) II – I – III

Q.7 Side effect of drug clemastine?

a) Sneezing

b) Skin rash

c) Blurred vision

d) All of the above

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ANSWERS

1-a

2-c

3-a

4-a

5-a

6-b

7-c

REFERENCES