Orphenadrine citrate

IUPAC nomenclature

N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]ethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.

Classification

Orphinadrine is an acetylcholine antagonist. It is a muscarinic antagonist.

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

• The drug binds with Histamine H₁ receptors and NMDA receptors and inhibits them.
• The motor disturbances induced by neuroleptics during hyperkines is also restored by the drug.
• Stimulating effects of cholinergic system is counteracted by the Orphinadrine.
• It also produces relaxation of skeletal muscle spasm and elevates mood. [1]

Structure Activity Relationship

• Either R₁ or R₂ must be heterocyclic or carbocyclic.
• The R₃ group can be hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl or amide.
• Most potent derivatives has X as an ester.
• X can also be either oxygen or absent completely.
• The N substituent can be quaternary ammonium salt or tertiary amine or both with different alkyl groups.
• Maximum potency obtained when the distance between the ring substituted carbons is 2 carbon units.

Method of synthesis

i. Reaction of N,N-dimethyl phenyl chloride and 2-methane-dimethylethanolamine produces orphenadrine.

ii. Orphenadrine is treated with citric acid to yield orphenadrine citrate.

Therapeutic Uses

Orphenadrine citrate is used for:

• Treatment of muscle spasm
• Treatment of muscle pain

 Side Effects

Side effects of Orphenadrine citrate are:

• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Drowsiness
• Allergic reactions
• Blurred vision
• Lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Vomiting

MCQ

Q.1 Orphenadrine citrate?

a) Stimulate nicotinic receptors

b) Stimulates muscarinic receptors

c) Inhibits nicotinic receptors

d) Inhibits muscarinic receptors

Q.2 Therapeutic use of drug orphenadrine citrate is/are?

a) Asthma

b) Muscle spasm

c) Emphysema

d) All of the above

Q.3 Which amongst the following are the correct statements with respect to the SAR of drug Orphenadrine citrate?

I. Either R₁ or R₂ must be heterocyclic or carbocyclic.

II. The R₃ group can be hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl or amide.

III. Most potent derivatives has X as an ester.

a) II

b) I

c) II, I

d) I, II, III

Q.4 The starting chemicals required for the synthesis of drug Orphenadrine citrate?

a) 2-(2’,2’-dimethoxyethyl)propane-1,3-diol.

b) 2-methyl diphenyl methyl chloride

c) N,N-dimethylethanolamine

d) Both b) and c)

Q.5 Correct sequence for the True/False for the physiochemical properties of the drug Orphenadrine citrate is?

I. Imidazole ring is present

II. Freely Soluble in water

III. Present in oil form

a) FFF

b) TTF

c) FFT

d)FTF

Q.6 Correct statements for the IUPAC nomenclatures of the are?

I. Pilocarpine: (3S,4R)-3-Ethyl-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

II. Orphinadrine: N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]ethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.

III. Tiotropium: 7-[(hydroxidi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane bromide

IV. Carbachol: 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride.

a) I, III

b) II, IV

c) I, II, III, IV

d) I, II, IV

 Q.7 Match the following drugs with their correct classifications-

 a) i-C, ii-A, iii-B, iv-D

b) i-B, ii-D, iii-A, iv-C

c) i-A, ii-B, iii-D, iv-C

d) i-B, ii-C, iii-D, iv-A

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ANSWERS

1-d

2-b

3-d

4-d

5-a

6-c

7-a

REFERENCES