Quazepam

IUPAC nomenclature

7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thione

Classification

Quazepam is a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic.

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

i. Quazepam binds nonspecifically with benzodiazepine receptors BNZ₁.

ii. It coupled with GABA_A receptors and increases the GABA affinity for the GABA receptor.

iii. This results in opening of the chloride channel and thus, causes hyperpolarization of the cell membrane which prevents further excitation of the cell.

Structure Activity Relationship

• Ring A should include an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring for binding with 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives.
• An electronegative group at 7-position of the ring A increases the functional anxiolytic activity.
• Substitutions at 6, 8 or 9 position with electronegative group on ring A will decrease the functional anxiolytic activity.
• When Heterocycles used as ring A, drug shows poor pharmacological activity.
• A proton-accepting group is essential on Ring B for binding with GABA_A
• When the proton accepting group is present on the 2-position of the ring B, and is in coplanar spatial orientation with Ring A, maximum activity is observed.
• Replacement of oxygen with sulfur in ring B results in alteration in the selectivity for binding with GABA BZR subpopulations, but anxiolytic properties are maintained.
• There is no effect on agonist activity, but the antagonist activity dereases when methylene 3-position or imine nitrogen of the ring B is substituted.
• Derivatives having the 3-hydroxy moiety are fast excreted.
• Sterically large substituents on ring B, like tert-butyl group reduces the receptor affinity and the in vivo activity.
• 4,5-double bond and 4-position nitrogen is not essential for anxiolystic activity.
• BZR affinity is decreased if C=N bond is replaced with C-N bond.
• 5-phenyl ring C is not necessary for the binding with BZR.
• Substitution at the para position of the ring C decreases the agonist activity of the drug.
• There is no change observed in the agonist property of the drug when there is substitution at ortho position.
• When 1,2-bond f the ring C is annelated with an additional electron rich ring such as imidazole, affinity of the BZR increases. [1]

Method of synthesis

i. (2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanone reacts with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trichloromethanesulfonate to give (2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-5-chlorophenyl) (2-fluorophenyl)methanone.

ii. Compound reacts with 2-bromoacetylchloride followed by reaction with isoindoline-1,3-dione and hydrazine to give an unstable compound which on further reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide give quazepam.

Therapeutic Uses

Quazepam is used for:

• Treatment of insomnia

Side Effects

Side effects of Quazepam are:

• Dizziness
• Memory loss
• Hallucinations
• Confusion
• Mood changes
• Anxiety
• Aggressive behavior
• Loss of coordination
• Blurred vision

 MCQ

Q.1 Correct statements related with the physicochemical properties of drug quazepam?

I. Molecular weight = 386.8 gm/mol

II. Physical appearance: Solid

III. Melting point: 137K

IV. Triazole ring present 

a) I, III

b) II, IV

c) I, II

d) I, II, IV

Q.2 Match the following of the drugs with their correct IUPAC names.

 a) i-B, ii-C, iii-A, iv-D

b) i-A, ii-C, iii-B, iv-D

c) i-D, ii-A, iii-C, iv-B

d) i-B, ii-D, iii-C, iv-A

Q.3 Correct steps for the mechanism of action of the drug Quazepam?

I. Binds with BNZ₁ receptors

II. Increase in GABA affinity for GABA receptors

III. Opening of chloride channel

IV. Hyperpolarisation

a) I – II – III – IV

b) II – I – III – IV

c) III – I – II – IV

d) II – IV – III – I

Q.4 Correct sequence for True/false for the classification of the drug can be?

• Quazepam: benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
• Quetipine : benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
• Flurazepam: benzapenes
• Eszopiclone: butyrophenone

a) TFTF

b) FFTF

c) TFFF

d) FTFT

Q.5 Introduction of the electronegative group at 7-position of the ring A of drug quazepam leads to?

a) Decrease in lipophyllicity

b) Increase in lipophyllicity

c) Increase in anxiolytic property

d) Decrease in anxiolytic property

Q.6 The correct sequence for the steps for synthesis of drug quazepam from (2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanone is?

I. Reaction with isoindolin-1,3-dione and hydrazine

II. Reaction with phosphorous pentasulfde

III. Reaction with 2-bromo aetylchloride

IV. Reaction with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trichloromethylsulfonate

a) IV – III – I – II

b) I – II – III – IV

c) I – III – IV – II

d) IV- II – III –I 

Q.7 Side effect of drug quazepam?

a) Anxiety

b) Loss of coordination

c) Blurred vision

d) All of the above

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ANSWERS

1-c

2-d

3-a

4-c

5-c

6-a

7-d

REFERENCES