Methods For Formulation of Suspension: 1-Precipitation method: Three precipitation methods are used: Organic solvent precipitation: Water insoluble drugs can be precipitated by dissolving them in water- miscible organic solvent and then adding organic phase to distilled water under standard conditions. […]
Formulation Principles: Parenteral drugs are formulated as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, liposomes, microspheres, nanosystems, and powders to be reconstituted as solutions. This section describes the components commonly used in parenteral formulations, focusing on solutions and freeze-dried products. General guidance is provided […]
METHODS OF ADJUSTING TONICITY: The methods for adjusting tonicity subdivided into two classes: Class I methods, which employ sodium chloride or some other substance to the drug solution to lower the freezing point of the solution to – 0.52° and […]
Buffers are substances or a combination of substances that, by their presence in solution, resist changes in pH upon the addition of small quantities of acid or alkali. Buffered solutions are necessary in many experiments conducted in pharmaceutical research. Drug […]