Etodolac

IUPAC nomenclature

(RS)-2-(1,8-Diethyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)acetic acid

Classification

• NSAID
• Pyranocarboxylic acid

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

• Etodolac inhibits COX enzyme by binding with the upper portion of the COX enzyme active site and prevents arachidonic acid by binding with the active site.
• Etodolac is 5-50 times more selective for COX-2 than COX-1.
• It also produces central action on the hypothalamus and produces antipyresis effects, which results in peripheral dilation, increased cutaneous blood flow and subsequent heat loss.

Structure Activity Relationship

SAR of class Pyranocarboxylic acid can be summarized as follows:

• Substitution on the pyran ring with R₁ as an alkyl group and R₂ as an acetic acid function increases the anti-inflammatory activity.
• On increasing the length of the acid chain, or ester or amide derivatives inactivates the drug.
• Α-methylacetic acid derivatives are also found to be inactive compounds.
• Substitution of R­₁ as ethyl or n-propyl gives the compounds 20 times more active than methyl. Substitution on the 8^th position of the aromatic ring is most beneficial.
• Most active compounds of this class were found to be 8-ethyl, 8-n-propyl, and 7-fluoro-8-methyl derivatives. [1]

Method of synthesis

i. To the solution of 2-ethyl phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride in DMAc-H₂O; 2,3-dihydrofuran is added drop-wise  and heated to get 7-ethyl tryptophol.

ii. 7-ethyltryptophol is reacted with methyl-3-oxopentanoate followed by hydrolysis to give etodolac.[2]

Therapeutic Uses

Etodolac is used for:

• Management of mild to moderate pain
• Treatment of osteoarthritis
• Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Side Effects

Side effects of Etodolac are:

• Allergic reactions
• Skin reactions
• Signs of heart attack or stroke
• Chest pain
• Numbness
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Swelling of legs
• Slurred speech
• Vision changes
• Rapid weight gain
• Stomach bleeding
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Jaundice
• Pale skin
• No urination
• Anemia
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Indigestion
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Ringing sounds in ears

MCQs

Q.1 Which statements are correct with respect to the physicochemical properties of drug etodolac?

I. Molecular weight:287.35 gm/mol

II. Appearance: It is solid

III. Melting point: 146.5^oC

a) I, II

b) II, III

c) I, II, III

d) I, III

Q.2 Match the following of the drugs with their correct IUPAC names.

a) i-C, ii-D, iii-A, iv-B

b) i-D, ii-B, iii-A, iv-C

c) i-C, ii-A, iii-D, iv-B

d) i-B, ii-C, iii-D, iv-A

Q.3 Mechanism of action of etodolac includes?

I. Antipyresis effects due to action on hypothalamus

II. Inhibition of COX-1 enzyme

III. Inhibition of COX-2 enzyme

IV. Reducing the level of Ach synaptic junction

a) II, IV

b) I, II, III

c) I, IV

d) II, III, IV

Q.4 Correct sequence for True/false for the classification of the drug can be?

• Etodolac: NSAID
• Prednisolone: Antibiotics
• Anastrozole: 5-α reductase inhibitor
• DTIC: Triazine alkylating agent

a) TFFT

b) FTFT

c) FFTF

d) TTTT

Q.5 Most active compound of class Pyranocarboxylic acid derivative NSAIDs was found to be?

a) 7-fluoro-8-methyl derivatives

b) 8-butyl derivatives

c) 2-methyl derivatives

d) All of the above have same activitiesolac can synthesized from 7-ethyltryptophol through the steps-

I. ydrolysis

II. Reaction with methyl-3-oxopentanoate

III. Reduction

IV. Decarboxylation

a) II – III – I

b) II – IV – I

c) IV – I – II

d) II – I

Q.7 Side effect of drug Etodolac?

a) Allergic reactions

b) Shortness of breath

c) Stomach bleeding

d) All of the above

 For More Standard and Quality Question Bank you can Join Our Test Series Programme for GPAT, NIPER JEE, Pharmacist Recruitment Exam, Drug Inspector Recruitment Exams, PhD Entrance Exam for Pharmacy

Participate in Online FREE  GPAT  TEST: CLICK HERE

  Participate in Online FREE  Pharmacist  TEST: CLICK HERE 

Participate in Online FREE  Drug Inspector  TEST: CLICK HERE 

ANSWERS

1-c

2-a

3-b

4-a

5-a

6-d

7-d

REFERENCES

for etodolac, a non steroidal anti- inflammatory drug. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. Vol. 4 (5), 2013, pp. 3-5