Erythritol tetranitrate

IUPAC nomenclature

Classification

• Organic nitrate antianginal drug

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

i. Conversion of the drug into active intermediate compound.

ii. Intermediate activates guanylate cyclase enzyme.

iii. This activates the synthesis of cyclic guanosin 3’,5’-monophosphate (cGMP).

iv. Due to this, there is an activation of the cascade of protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation events in the smooth muscles.

v. Relaxation is caused in the smooth muscles due to dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain of smooth muscles, due to which, there is increased in blood flow in veins, arteries and cardiac tissues.

vi. Heart has to do lesser work and blood pressure and angina tension also reduces. There is increased blood flow in the myocardium.

Structure Activity Relationship

General structure activity of organic nitrate antianginal drugs can be summarized as:

• The number of nitrate groups determines the potency of organic nitrate for guanylate cyclase activation.
• Increase in nitric group increases the potency.
• Increase in lipophillicity doesn’t have major effect over activation of drug.

Method of synthesis

Nitration of erythritol using concentrated sulfuric acid and nitrate salt.  [2]

Medicinal Uses

Erythritol tetranitrate is used for treatment and prevention of:

• Angina

Side Effects

Side effects of Erythritol tetranitrate are:

• Low blood vessels
• Disturbed heart beats
• Dizziness
• Facial flushing
• Methmoglobinemia
• Headache
• Weakness
• Apprehension
• Allergic reactions

MCQs

Q.1 Which of the following statements are correct related with the physicochemical properties of drug erythritol tetranitrate?

I. Molecular weight: 302.11 gm/mol

II. Physical appearance: solid

III. Melting point: 61 ^oC

a) I, II, III

b) I, II

c) II, III

d) I, III

Q.2 Match the following of the drugs with their correct IUPAC names.

 a) i-B, ii-C, iii-D, iv-A

b) i-D, ii-C, iii-B, iv-A

c) i-D, ii-B, iii-A, iv-C

d) i-B, ii-A, iii-D, iv-C

Q.3 Mechanism of action of drug erythritol tetranitrate includes?

I. Conversion into active intermediate compound

II. Activation of gunaylate cyclase enzyme

III. Active synthesis of cGMP

IV. Relaxation of smooth muscles.

a) I, III, IV

b) I, III

c) II, III

d) I, II, III, IV

Q.4 Correct sequence for True/false for the classification of the drug can be?

• Erythritol tetranitrate: Organic nitrate antianginal drug
• Alprazolam: Sedative hypnotics
• Phenytoin: Anticonvuslants
• Desflurane: Inhalational anesthetics

a) TFFT

b) FFTT

c) FFTF

d) TTTT

Q.5 Number of nitrate groups in organic nitrate antianginal drugs-

a) Determines the potency of drug

b) Have no influence on activity of drug

c) Is not necessary for the action of drug

d) Makes the drug inactive

Q.6 The correct sequence for the steps for synthesis of drug erythritol tetranitrate from erythritol can be?

I. Nitration

II. Solfonation

III. Oxidation

IV.Reduction

a) II – I – III

b) I

c) III – I

d) IV – I – II

Q.7 Side effect of drug erythritol tetranitrate is/are?

a) Dizziness

b) Headache

c) Allergic reactions

d) All of the above

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ANSWERS

1-a

2-c

3-d

4-d

5-a

6-b

7-d

REFERENCES