Find out the notes on Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers These drugs block alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. 🔹 Classification of Alpha Blockers 1. Non-selective Alpha Blockers Block both α₁ and α₂ receptors Examples: Phentolamine […]
Classification of Anticholinergic Drugs 1. Based on Receptor Selectivity A. Muscarinic Antagonists (Selectively block muscarinic receptors) Atropine Hyoscine (Scopolamine) Homatropine Cyclopentolate Tropicamide B. Ganglion Blockers (Block nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia) Hexamethonium Mecamylamine Trimethaphan C. Neuromuscular Blockers (Block nicotinic receptors […]
Overview: The pituitary gland (aka hypophysis) is the master endocrine gland, located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica. It is divided into: Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis) – glandular Posterior pituitary (Neurohypophysis) – neural 🔹 1. Anterior Pituitary […]
Definition: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a severe mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction characterized by epidermal necrosis and detachment, usually involving <10% of body surface area (BSA). 🔬 Etiology/Triggers: Drugs (most common cause) Infections: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, HSV Idiopathic Malignancies, vaccines (rare) 💊 Common Drugs […]
ANTI-GLAUCOMA DRUGS Glaucoma is managed primarily by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by either reducing aqueous humor production or increasing its outflow. 🗂️ CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-GLAUCOMA DRUGS A. Drugs that Decrease Aqueous Humor Production Beta Blockers Examples: Timolol, Betaxolol, Levobunolol Mechanism: […]
Adrenaline vs. Acetylcholine – Mechanism of Action ⚡ Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Type: Catecholamine (Sympathomimetic) Receptor Type: Adrenergic Receptors (GPCRs) α₁ → Vasoconstriction (↑ BP) α₂ → ↓ NE release (negative feedback) β₁ → ↑ Heart rate & contractility (↑ CO) β₂ […]
1. Autocrine Hormones Definition: Hormones or chemical messengers that act on the same cell that secreted them. Mechanism: The cell releases a substance. The substance binds to receptors on its own membrane. Function: Local regulation of cell growth, immunity, and […]
1. Alkylating Agents Mechanism of Action: Alkylating agents add alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl) to DNA, primarily at the N7 position of guanine. This causes: DNA cross-linking (intra- and inter-strand). Mispairing of bases. DNA strand breakage. Inhibition of DNA replication […]
Classification of Antifungal Drugs Class Examples Target/Mechanism Polyenes Amphotericin B, Nystatin Binds ergosterol → forms pores in fungal membranes Azoles Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole Inhibit 14-α-demethylase → inhibit ergosterol synthesis Echinocandins Caspofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin Inhibit β-1,3-glucan synthase → cell […]