Zaleplon

IUPAC nomenclature

N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide

 Classification

Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic.

Physiochemical Properties

Mechanism of Action

• Zaleplon modulate the subunit GABA_BZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex.
• It also selectively binds to brain Omega₁ receptor which is present on the α-subunit of the GABA_A chloride ion channel receptor complex and potentiates t-butyl-bicyclophosphorothionate binding.

Structure Activity Relationship

• Zaleplon exhibit 10-fold greater selectivity for the α₁ than α₃ and α₅ containing GABA_A­ receptors with comparison to indiplon which shows only 1.6- and4-fold selectivity.
• The affinity of indiplon for α₁, α₃ and α₅ containing receptors is 3-, 12- and 17- folds higher than the zaleplon.
• Indiplon is more than 100-fold more potent than zaleplon.
• Electronic factors are responsible for the selectivity. [1]

Method of synthesis

i. N-[3- [3-(dimethylamino)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]phenyl]acetamide is mixed with dimethyl formamide wand stired. Powdered sodium hydroxide is then addedfollowed by addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide. Ethyl bromide is added thereafter.

ii. P-chloroanilie is then added to the reaction vessel followed by addition of hydrochloric acid.

iii. Zaleplon can be obtained in crystalline form which is then filtered and washed with water.

Therapeutic Uses

Zaleplon is used for:

• Treatment of insomnia

 Side Effects

Side effects of Zaleplon are:

• Dizziness
• Difficulty in coordination
• Drowsiness
• Short-term memory loss
• Allergic reactions

MCQ 

Q.1 Zaleplon binds with acetylcholine nicotinic receptors results in?

a) Agonizing effect on muscarinic receptors

b) Antagonizing effect on muscarinic receptors

c) Do not produce any significant effect

d) Do not bind with nicotinic receptor

Q.2 Therapeutic use of drug Zaleplon is/are?

a) Treatment of Acute alcohol withdrawal

b) Treatment of Insomnia

c) Treatment of anxiety

d) All of the above

Q.3 Which amongst the following are the correct statements with respect to the SAR of drug Zaleplon?

I. Zaleplon exhibit 10-fold greater selectivity for the α₁ than α₃ and α₅ containing GABA_A­ receptors with comparison to indiplon which shows only 1.6- and4-fold selectivity.

II. he affinity of indiplon for α₁, α₃ and α₅ containing receptors is 3-, 12- and 17- folds higher than the zaleplon.

III. Indiplon is more than 100-fold more potent tha zaleplon.

IV. Electronic factors are resposnsible for the selectivity. 

a) I, IV

b) I, II, IV

c) I, II, III, IV

d) II, III, IV

Q.4 Type of ring structures present in the structure of Zaleplon?

a) Triazole

b) Pyrrozolol pyrimidine

c) Diazepine

d) All of the above

Q.5 Correct sequence for the True/False for the physiochemical properties of the drug solifenacin?

I. Molecular weight is 208.8 gm/mol

II. Produces violet crystals from ethylacetate

III. Melting point is between 228-229°C

IV. Diazepine ring is present

a) TFTF

b) TTTT

c) FFFF

d)FFFT

Q.6 Correct statements for the IUPAC nomenclatures of the are?

I. Solifenacin: (3R)-1-Azabicyclo[2 2 2]oct-3-yl (1S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate

II. Zaleplon: N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide

III. Alprazolam: 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one

IV. Diazepam: 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine

a) II, IV

b) I, II

c) I, III, IV

d) I, II, III, IV 

Q.7 Match the following drugs with their correct classifications-

 a) i-C, ii-A, iii-B, iv-D

b) i-B, ii-C, iii-A, iv-D

c) i-D, ii-A, iii-C, iv-B

d) i-A, ii-C, iii-B, iv-D

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ANSWERS

1-d

2-b

3-c

4-b

5-c

6-b

7-a

REFERENCES