Amebiasis : Causative Agent, Structure, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

CAUSATIVE AGENT :-  Caused by Entamoeba histolytica

STRUCTURE :-  E. histolytica cysts, which have a chitin wall and four nuclei, are the infectious form of parasite because they are resistant to gastric acid.

TYPES :-

This E. histolytica occurs in two forms :

• A trophozite form which is an active adult form seen in the tissues and the diarrhoeal stool.
• A cystic form seen in formed stools but not in the tissues.

CAUSES :-

This parasite usually enters the body of the host when the person ingest cyst through food and water. It can enter the body also when the person is in direct contact with the fecal matter. Usually, the cysts are present in the inactive form, so they can live in the environment for several months.

SYMPTOMS :-

Following are the symptoms of amebiasis :

• Dysentery
• Bloody diarrhea
• Intestinal pain
• Fever
• Infections and severe illness
• Tenderness in upper right part of your abdomen

TREATMENT :-

Following are the medication with their doses :

NAME OF THE MEDICINE                                                    DOSES

• Paromomycin                                                                  8 – 12 mg/kg orally every 8 hours * 7 days
• Iodoquinol                                                                       650 mg orally every 8 hours * 20 days
• Metronidazole                                                                 750 mg orally or iv every 8 hours * 7 – 10 days
• Tinidazole                                                                        2 gm daily * 3 – 5 days

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-

1.] Amebiasis is caused by  ?

a. Bacterium

b. Virus

c. Fungus

d. Protozoa

2.] Amebiasis is caused by ?

a. Toxoplasma gondii

b. Entamoeba histolytica

c. Ascaris

d. None of the above

3.] Entamoeba histolytica can be cultured in ?

a. Diamond’s medium

b. CLED medium

c. NNN medium

d. Mac Conkey agar

4.] The most common site for amebiasis is ?

a. Cecum

b. Sigmoid curve

c. Transverse colon

d. Hepatic flexure

5.] Presence of ingested RBCs is a characteristic feature of ?

a. Entamoeba histolytica

b. Dientamoeba fragilis

c. Entamoeba coli

d. Ascaris

6.] Amebiasis is transmitted by ?

a. Direct contact with dirty hands

b. Sexual contact

c. Fecal contamination of drinking water and food

d. All of the above

7.] In tissues, amebiasis is treated with ?

a. Tinidazole

b. Nitazoxanide

c. Metronidazole

d. All of the above

8.] The karyosome of e. histolytica is ?

a. Liver

b. Progressive

c. Central

d. Even

9.] E. histolytica cysts have how many nuclei ?

a. 1 – 4

b. 5

c. 9

d. 6 – 8

10.] Differentiation between pathogenic and non – pathogenic strains can be done by ?

a. Phagocytic activity

b. Use of genetic markers

c. Zymodeme analysis

d. All of the above

SOLUTIONS :-

1.] (b) Dysentery

2.] (b) Entamoeba histolytica

3.] (a) Diamond’s medium

4.] (a) Cecum

5.] (a) Entamoeba histolytica

6.] (d)

7.] (d)

8.] (c) Central

9.] (a) 1 – 4

10.] (d)

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REFERENCES :-

1.] Textbook of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 178 – 179.

2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 333 – 334.