The mechanism of respiration involves 2 processes- exchange of oxygen and carbon-dioxide transport of oxygen and carbon-dioxide We have already studied, exchange of gases I previous article. in this article we will discuss transport of gases. We know that blood […]
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that leave the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramina. These foramina are formed by the adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are named according to the vertebral region with which they are associated; that is: […]
AXIAL SKELETON: Hyoid Bone It is a unique part of axial skeleton, as this bone does not articulate with any other bone. It is located in the anterior neck just between the mandible and larynx. The hyoid bone keeps the […]
Axial Skeleton System There are 22 bones of skull. They lie on the superior end of vertebral column. These bones are divided in 2 groups: Cranial bones- which forms the cranial cavity are eight in number; Facial bones- these are […]
Acid-base balance is all about maintaining the H+ ion concentration(pH) at an appropriate level. This is important for normal cellular function. The pH of blood is 7.35-7.45. To maintain this range, three major mechanisms takes place in the body- 1. […]
Epithelial Tissue The epithelium consist of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either single or multiple layers. It covers the body and also lines the cavities, organs and tubes. The functions of epithelial tissue includes- • Protection of underlying structures from […]
Cardiac cycle The cardiac cycle is defined as a cycle which includes all the events associated with one heart beat. cardiac cycle consist of contraction(systole) and relaxation(diastole) of both atria and ventricles. In each cardiac cycle, the atria and ventricles […]