Adenylyl cyclase: cAMP pathway : General Pharmacology Notes
Adenylyl cyclase: cAMP pathway Activation of AC results in intracellular accumulation of second messenger cAM P (Fig. 4.6) which functions mainly through cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The PKA phosphorylates and alters the functi on of many enzymes, ion channels, transporters. […]
Drug & Cosmetic ACT | Schedule Learning Trick | Mnemonics to memorize Schedule of drugs | GPAT exam
Therapeutic goods in the United States are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which makes some drugs available over the counter at retail outlets and others by prescription only. Each of the controlled substances is identified under […]
Drug Safety in Pediatric Population | Part-2 | Drug Safety Specific Population | Pharmacovigilance
Children frequently respond differently to therapies compared to adults. Differences also exist between paediatric age groups for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both efficacy and safety. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires an understanding of the unique aspects of children with regard to, for […]
Drug Safety in Pediatric Population | Part-1 | Drug Safety Specific Population | Pharmacovigilance
A number of anatomical and physiological factors determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug. Differences in physiology in paediatric populations compared with adults can influence the concentration of drug within the plasma or tissue. Healthcare professionals need to be aware […]
Pharmacogenomics of Adverse Drug Reaction | Genetics related ADR with example focusing PK parameters
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important and frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. ADR can be related to a variety of drugs, including anticonvulsants, anaesthetics, antibiotics, antiretroviral, anticancer, and antiarrhythmics, and can involve every organ or apparatus. The causes […]
Drug Safety in Pregnancy & Lactation | Breastfeeding Drug Safety | Pharmacovigilance | BPharm Notes
During pregnancy, a large part of the body is affected by the physiological and anatomical changes that start in early pregnancy. Many of these changes significantly affect the pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamic properties of different drugs […]
Drug Safety in Geriatric Population | Drug safety evaluation special population | Pharmacovigilance
Elderly patients are the main users of drugs and they difer from younger patients. They are a heterogeneous population that cannot be defned only by age but should rather be stratifed based on their frailty. The elderly have distinctive pharmacokinetic […]
CDSCO | Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation | Function | Pharmacovigilance | Hindi
CDSCO Introduction The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the Central Drug Authority for discharging functions assigned to the Central Government under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. CDSCO has six zonal offices, four sub-zonal offices, 13 port offices and […]
Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination Regulations 2022 Announced by PCI
Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination Regulations Objective The objective of the Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination (DPEE) is to ensure that a candidate applying for registration as pharmacist with the State Pharmacy Council has undergone pharmacy education and a comprehensive […]