“Peptic ulcers are chronic, most often solitary, lesions that occur in any portion of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to the aggressive action of acid-peptic juices.” CLASSIFICATION: – Each of the two main types may be acute or chronic. A.] Acute […]
“Schizophrenia refers to a group of mental illness, it is characterized by disturbance of thinking, mood and motor activities.” 1.] The word schizophrenia is derived from a Greek word called Schizo – split, phrenia – mind. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: – 1.] Increased […]
CAUSATIVE AGENT : Varicella zoster virus {VZV} STRUCTURE : It is similar to other herpes virus caspids, the caspid is made up of mainly four types of proteins that are arranged in icosahedral symmetry. PATHOGENESIS : It generally occur in […]
“Parkinsonism is a syndrome of chronic progressive disorder of motor function and is clinically characterized by tremors.” CHARACTERISTICS: – As Parkinsonism is a clinical disease, so it is characterized by following: Diminished facial expression Stooped posture Slowness of voluntary movement […]
“Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which the nerve cells of the brain are disturbed which results into the seizures.” 1.] Epilepsy was first discovered in the year 400 B.C. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: – Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which there […]
“Stroke is a clinical term that refers to the sudden development of the neurological deficit caused by abnormalities of the blood supply.” 1.] The term stroke is also known as “Brain attack” and is one of the symptoms of Cerebral […]
“Depression is an effective emotional disorder and mental illness characterized by sadness of mood, poverty of ideas and psychomotor retardation.” 1.] Depression can occur at any age. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: – 1.] Biogenic amine hypothesis: Decreased brain levels of the neurotransmitter’s norepinephrine, […]
“Amyloidosis is the term used for a group of disease characterized by extracellular deposition of fibrillar insoluble proteinaceous substance called amyloid.” “Amyloid is an pathogenic proteinaceous substance, deposited between cells in various tissues and organs of the body in a […]
Callus Culture The undifferentiated and unorganized, plant cell mass is called a callus. Callus contain differentiated and non-differentiated tissues. Callus cells are parenchymatous, the mature cells or non-dividing cells undergo changes to achieve a meristematic state or cell division and […]