Category: How to prepare for gpat

Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Complex films and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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SURFACE FILMS: Surface-active agents tend to concentrate at interfaces and are adsorbed at oil–water interfaces as monomolecular films. These monomolecular films formed at the interface depend on the nature, characteristics, concentration and combination of the surfactant. Insoluble Monomolecular Films: Insoluble […]

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Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Solubilization and detergency and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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SOLUBILIZATION: It can be defined as the preparation of a thermodynamically stable isotropic solution of a substance normally insoluble or very slightly soluble in a given solvent by the addition of component or by any suitable methods. SOLUBILITY: The maximum […]

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Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Concept, HLB classification and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Concept: The HLB concept was introduced by Griffin in 1947 to classify nonionic surfactants but has since been applied to ionic surfactants as well. In this system, each surfactant is assigned a number between 1 and 20, representing […]

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Surfactants, Surface active agents and Question Answer for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (SURFACTANTS): Substances having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in their molecular structures are called surfactants or surface-active agents. When surfactants are added to the air/ liquid (water) interface, they accumulate at the interface, a process that is generally […]

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Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm, Adsorption Phenomenon (Part2) and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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Many attempts have been made to develop a mathematical expression that relates the amount of the adsorbate per unit weight of adsorbent to a function of the solute concentration remaining in the solution at a fixed temperature. The most frequently […]

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BET isotherm, Factors Affecting Adsorption, Adsorption Phenomenon(Part 3) and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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BET isotherm: Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are based on the formation of a saturated monolayer of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. The BET isotherm assumes that a multimolecular layer of adsorbate molecules covers the surface of the […]

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Physical and chemical adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption phenomenon(Part1) and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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ADSORPTION PHENOMENA: Adsorption is the process in which materials of one phase (adsorbate) accumulate or concentrate at the interfacial surface of the other phase (adsorbent). It is a spontaneous phenomenon driven by a reduction of the surface free energy. Adsorption […]

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Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon: Spreading coefficient and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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Spreading Coefficient (S): In general, spreading of a liquid occurs when the work of adhesion between two liquids exceeds the work of cohesion between the molecules of each liquid. Work of adhesion (Wa)- Consider a liquid drop with surface tension […]

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Measurement of Surface and Interfacial tension, Ring Detachment Method (du Nouy tensiometer) and Wilhelmy Plate Method and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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Ring Detachment Method (du Nouy tensiometer): The du Nouy’s ring method is similar to the Wilhelmy plate method, but it uses a ring or loop of wire. A platinum or Iridium wire of ~4 cm in circumference is suspended from […]

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Drop weight and drop count method and Spinning Drop Method and MCQs for GPAT, NIPER, Pharmacist and Drug Inspector exam

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Drop Weight and Drop Count Method: Principle: If a liquid is allowed to fall slowly through a capillary tube, the liquid first forms a drop at the tip of the capillary tube, which gradually increases in size and finally detaches […]

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