Muscular tissue are of three types-

• Skeletal muscle tissue:- these muscle moves the bones of skeleton; these are striated (alternating light and dark bands appear ). These muscles are controlled by somatic division, and they are voluntary in nature

• Cardiac Muscle tissue:- as the name suggest, they form most of the heart wall. These are controlled by autonomic nervous system and are involuntary in nature.

• Smooth muscle:- These muscles form the internal structures like blood vessels, airways and some organs of abdominal cavity. They are non-striated. These are controlled by ANS and are involuntary in nature.

Functions of muscular tissue includes-

• produces body movements,
• stabilizes body positions,
• storage and movement of substances within body and also generates heat.

Properties of muscular tissue are:–

• • electrical excitability,
  • contractility,
  • extensibility and elasticity.

Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal muscle is made up of thousands of muscular cells also known as muscle  fibers. Skeletal muscle are surrounded and protected by connective tissue. The hypodermis, which separates the skin and muscle are made of areolar connective tissue. Fascia is a dense sheet of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall. Their are three layers of connective tissue around the skeletal muscle-

• Epimysium:-  it is the outermost layer which encloses the entire muscle and are made of dense irregular connective tissue.
• Perimysium:- they surrounds group of 10-100 muscle fibers and separates them into fascicles; and are made of dense irregular connective tissue.
•  Endomysium:- the innermost layer which separates one muscle fiber from another; and are made of areolar connective tissue.

The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of muscle fiber and consist of multiple nuclei. Transverse tubules are the tiny invaginations of sarcolemma. Within the sarcolemma is the sarcoplasm, the cytoplasm of muscle fiber. Sarcoplasm is comprised of large amount of glycogen. Glycogen is a large molecule which is composed of many glucose; which in turn helps in ATP synthesis. The sarcoplasm also contains a red-colored protein known as myoglobin; This protein is only found in muscle fiber and binds the oxygen molecules.

The sarcoplasm is filled with thread like structures known as myofibrils. these are the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle. Within the myofibrils are smaller structure known as filaments. the think filaments are 8nm in diameter and thick filaments are 16nm in diameter. Both thick and thin filaments are involved in contractile process.

(All Figure used only for Educational Purpose)

The filaments inside the myofibrils do not extend over the entire length of the muscle fibers, rather they are present in compartments known as sarcomeres. These sarcomere are basic functional unit of myofibrils.

• The Z-discs are narrow plate-shaped regions of dense protein, they separates one sarcomere from another.
• The middle darker part Is the A- band which extends the entire length of thick filaments.
• The I-band is a lighter and less dense part which consist thin filaments but no thick filaments.
• At the center of each A-band , is a H-zone which contains all thick filaments but no thin filaments.
• M-line is present in the center of H-zone is at the middle of each sarcomere.

Myofibrils are made of 3 types of proteins-

• Contractile protein:-these proteins generate force of contraction. The two contractile proteins are myosin and actin
• Regulatory protein:- these proteins controls that when will be the contractile process be on and off. there are two regulatory proteins:tropomyosin and troponin.
• Structural protein:- these proteins keeps the thin and thick filaments in proper alignment. these are: titin, alpha-actinin myomesin, nebulin and dystrophin.

Skeletal Muscle Contraction Cascade

Difference between all muscle tissue

Difference between 3 type of muscle fibers

Multiple choice questions(MCQs)

1. Skeletal muscle tissues are controlled by?
A. somatic division B. parasympathetic division
C. CNS D. sympathetic division

2. Muscle cells are also known as?
A. myofibrils B. Filaments
C. muscle Fibers D. none of the above

3. What is the diameter of thick filaments?
A. 10nm B. 16mm
C. 12nm D. 16nm

4. Which of the following muscle tissue are voluntary in nature?
A. cardiac muscle B. smooth muscle
C. autorhythmic  muscle D. none of the above

5. What is the main function of myoglobin?
A. extensibility B. elasticity
C. binds O2 together D. both A and C

6. Match the following-
A. Z-disc 1. Contains all thin filaments
B. I- band 2. Separates two sarcomere
C. A-band 3. Contains thick filaments no thin filaments
D. H-zone 4. Entire length of thick filaments

7. What is the function of muscular tissue?
a. storage B. movement of bones
C. stabilize body position D. all of the above

8. What is the function of structural proteins?
a. generates contractile force b. controls contraction
C. proper alignment of filaments D. binds O2

9. Which of the following statement is true?
A. titin is one of the regulatory protein
B. storage is one of the properties muscular tissue
C. sarcomere are the functional unit of myofibril
D. H-zone contains all thin filaments

10. What separates one sarcomere from another?
A. I-band B. H-zone
C. Z-discs D. A-band

ANSWERS:-

1. somatic division
2. muscle fibers
3. 16nm
4. none of the above
5. binds 02 together
6. A – 2 B – 1 C – 4 D – 3
7. all of the above
8. proper alignment of filaments
9. sarcomere is the functional unit of myofibril
10. Z-disc

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Reference:-Gerard J. Tortora -Principles of anatomy and physiology; edition twelfth ; page no.-: 302-310.