Colors And Pigments: There are two basic types of coloring agents for pharmaceutical products: dyes and lakes. Dyes are soluble forms of a particular color. They go into solution and can result in very deep, vibrant colors. Lakes are dyes […]
Powders of IP: Classification of pharmaceutical powders – 1.Powders for internal use (a) Divided powders (i) Simple powders (ii) Compound powders (iii) Powders enclosed in cachet (iv) Tablet triturates (b) Bulk powders (i) Antacid (ii) Laxative 2.Powders for external use […]
Powder handling: Powder Mixing – Powder mixing is an operation that serves to make two or more components uniformly distributed in the powder bed. Mechanisms – There are three main mechanisms involved in the mixing process, related to the different […]
Preservatives: If these materials prevent the initiation and growth of microorganisms in products, they are known as bactericidal preservatives. Some preservatives, either by concentration or activity, may only maintain the bacteria level in the product at the time of manufacture […]
Pharmacovigilance has been defined by the WHO (2002) as the ‘science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effect or any other drug related problems.’ The information generated by pham1acovigilance is useful in educating doctors […]
Oogenesis occurs in the outermost layers of the ovaries. As with sperm production, oogenesis starts with a germ cell, called an oogonium (plural: oogonia), but this cell undergoes mitosis to increase in number, eventually resulting in up to one to […]
Principle The ball mill operates on the principle of impact and attrition. In this, impact occurs between fast moving balls and the powder material while the attrition mode comes in action when the hollow cylinder rotates on its longitudinal axis. […]
Principle The hammer mill works on the principle of impact. Here impact occurs between the fast moving hammers which are fitted on a rotor and the feed material. Construction The hammer mill is of two types: either vertically shafted type […]