PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS PROKARYOTIC CELLS All members from Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotes. They are amongst smallest organisms having diameters in range from 0.5 microns to 2.0 microns. Their surface to volume ratio is 12:4. They are present in […]
SCOPE, IMPORTANCE AND BRANCHES OF MICROBIOLOGY Scope of Microbiology Scope of microbiology can be divided into two dimensions, in which, first can be according to the variety of microbes and second can be according to the types of jobs or […]
STERILIZATION Sterilization is the either killing or removal of all the microorganisms from an object to make it free from any living organism. It also includes killing or removal of bacterial endospores and fungal endospores which are highly resistant in […]
Disorders of kidney are described as follows:- 1. Glomerulonephritis (GN) This is an inflammatory condition of glomerulus. It has an autoimmune component which leads to the production of immune complexes that may enter the glomerular capillaries and cause inflammation and […]
Disorders of Pituitary gland a. Hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones:- This condition usually occurs due to excess secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH) by the hypothalamus. As the tumor increases in size, all the nearby structure are compressed; which results […]
Disorders of lungs are divided in different categories for better understanding:- 1. Obstructive lung disorders These are characterized by the blockage of the airflow through the airways . The obstruction may be acute or chronic. Different types of disorders under […]
The brain is a large organ which lies in the cranial cavity. The average weight of brain is 1.4kg. It is divided in 4 parts: cerebrum, brain stem, diencephalon and cerebellum. DIENCEPHALON This part of brain connects the cerebrum to […]
PANCREATIC ISLETS Pancreas are both, exocrine as well as endocrine. the exocrine pancreas secrete pancreatic juice, while the endocrine pancreas consist of clusters of cells; known as pancreatic islets present throughout the gland. the pancreatic hormones are secreted directly into […]
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE It refers to the series of events which regularly occurs in female after every 26-30 days. It occurs throughout the childbearing period between menarche and menopause. The cycle leads to the changes which takes place regularly in ovaries […]
The DNA holds the biological information of a cell; which lies within the base code in the center of double helix. The product of these information is always proteins. proteins are very essential for all the aspects of life; it […]