Category: Pathophysiology

Metaplasia: Definition, Types of Metaplasia, Epithelial Metaplasia, Mesenchymal Metaplasia, Examples of Metaplasia, Symptoms, Difference Between Metaplasia and Dysplasia and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Metaplasia is a condition in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type.” 1.] Metaplasia is a type of reversible change. 2.] Metaplasia is an adaptive response. 3.] The most common adaptive metaplasia […]

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Apoptosis: Definition, Morphological Features, Mechanism, Difference Between Apoptosis and Necrosis, Molecular Changes and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Apoptosis is a form of coordinated and internally programmed cell death having significance in a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions.” MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES: – The characteristic morphologic changes in apoptosis by light microscopy and electron microscopy is as under: Involvement […]

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Atrophy: Definition, Causes, Pathogenesis, Symptoms and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance is known as atrophy.” 1.] It represents a form of adaptive response. 2.] When a sufficient number of cells are involved, the entire tissue or organ get diminished […]

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Hypertrophy: Definition, Causes, Physiologic Hypertrophy, Pathologic Hypertrophy, Morphological Features, Symptoms and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Hypertrophy refers to increase in the size of cells and, with such changes, an increase in the size of the organs.” 1.] Basically, in hypertrophy the increased size of the cell is not due to the increased intake of fluid, […]

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Hyperplasia: Definition, Pathological Hyperplasia, Physiologic Hyperplasia, Difference between Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy, Symptoms, Morphological Features and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which may then have increased volume.” 1.] In hyperplasia the cellular population is capable of synthesizing DNA, thus permitting mitotic division, but in hypertrophy cell division […]

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Cell Swelling: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis,Mechanism, Morphology and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Cell swelling is an acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries.” 1.] It is also called Hydropic changes which means accumulation of water within the cytoplasm of the cell. 2.] For gross appearance of the affected organ, […]

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Cancer : Definition, Types, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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“Cancer is a disease which is caused due to the uncontrolled division of cell which leads to growth of tumor and reduced activity of immune system.” TYPES: – There are basically six types of cancers: A.] Carcinoma Cancer: This cancer […]

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Cell Death: Definition, Causes, Processes of Cell Death, Difference between Apoptosis and Necrosis,Changes after Cell Death and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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 “Cell death is a biological event of biological cell which cease them from carrying out their regular function.” Cell death is basically a state of irreversible cell injury. CAUSES: – Following are the causes of cell injury: Local or Focal […]

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Crohn’s Disease: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and MCQs for for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF

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INTRODUCTION: – 1.] This disease was first discovered in the year 1932. 2.] Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by inflammation of the digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can affect any part of the GI […]

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Necrosis: Definition, Causes, Types and MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF and NIPER Exam

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“Necrosis is defined as a localized area of death of tissue followed later by degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes liberated from dead cells; it is invariably accompanied by inflammatory reaction.” CAUSES Of NECROSIS: – Following are the causes of […]

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