“Shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance is known as atrophy.” 1.] It represents a form of adaptive response. 2.] When a sufficient number of cells are involved, the entire tissue or organ get diminished […]
“Hypertrophy refers to increase in the size of cells and, with such changes, an increase in the size of the organs.” 1.] Basically, in hypertrophy the increased size of the cell is not due to the increased intake of fluid, […]
“Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which may then have increased volume.” 1.] In hyperplasia the cellular population is capable of synthesizing DNA, thus permitting mitotic division, but in hypertrophy cell division […]
“Cell swelling is an acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries.” 1.] It is also called Hydropic changes which means accumulation of water within the cytoplasm of the cell. 2.] For gross appearance of the affected organ, […]
“Cancer is a disease which is caused due to the uncontrolled division of cell which leads to growth of tumor and reduced activity of immune system.” TYPES: – There are basically six types of cancers: A.] Carcinoma Cancer: This cancer […]
In pyrimidine synthesis, firstly the pyrimidine ring is formed and then ribose phosphate group is attached. This ribose phosphate group is donated by PRPP (phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate). The major pyrimidine nucleotide involve: TMP, CMP and UMP. Precursors for the De-novo synthesis of […]
Catabolism of purine nucleotide The end product of catabolism of purine is uric acid. Mammals oxidize the uric acid to allantoin, which further get converted into urea and then ammonia. Reactions of catabolism of purine nucleotide Firstly the phosphate group […]