X-RAY DIFFRACTION INSTRUMENTATION :- SOURCE X-ray diffraction tube High energy e– are produce from heated tungsten filament & this is allowed to impinge on a small metal target (Cu/Mo) in a sealed diffraction tube. X-ray generated from metal target is […]
X-RAY DIFFRACTION THEORY :- X-RAY wavelength = 10-2-10nm (10-104pm) X-ray diffraction is a science of determing arrangements of atoms within the crystals in which beam of X-ray is scattered by atom in the crystal. X-ray crystallography is based upon transition […]
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY :- This techinque is used to determine concentration of antigen in given sample. This techinque is very sensitivity it can detected 0.001 μg/ml. This techinque was introduced in 1960 by berson & yalow. PRINCIPLE OF RIA :- It involves three […]
INSTRUMENTATION OF CONDUCTOMETER :- Current source :- Alternative current source is used. High frequency alternating current generator is employed. electrical potential is applied ions will be transfer and ultimately conductance take place. Conductivity meter :- Digital display, calibrator,power switch. Conductivity […]
INTRODUCTION :- “Thrombosis is a process of formation of solid mass in circulation from the constituent of flowing blood, the mass itself is called as thrombus.” 1.] Thrombosis is characterized by events that essentially involve activation of platelets, the process […]
INTRODUCTION :- “Embolism is the process of partial or complete obstruction of some part of the cardiovascular system by any mass carried in the circulation; the transported intravascular mass detached from opits site of origin is called embolus.” 1.] Most […]
INTRODUCTION :- Infarction is the process of tissue necrosis, usually of coagulative type, resulting from ischemia; the localized area of necrosis so developed is called an infarct. It occurs because of the occlusion (blockage or closing of blood vessels) of […]
INTRODUCTION :- It is characterized by the process of regeneration of the damaged tissue by the cells of the same type and replacement of the lost tissue with the connective tissue. Regeneration refers to proliferation of cells and tissues to […]
” Increased vascular permeability is the hallmark of acute inflammation.” CAUSES OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY :- It is caused by the separation of the endothelial cells resulting in the movement of fluids, cells and proteins out of the blood vessels collectively […]
It is a cell with a unique capacity to produce unaltered daughter cell (self – renewal) and to generate specialized cell type (potency). 1.] Stem cells are the primitive cells which has two main functions : They have the capacity […]